Daily Aliya for Vayechi, Revii (4th Aliya)

Aliya Summary: Jacob summoned all his sons, and delivered to each a poetic, and sometimes cryptic, parting personal message. Reuven was chastised for his impetuousness and for "ascending upon his father's bed." Shimon and Levi were rebuked for their anger, which expressed itself in the killing of the Shechemites and the attempted execution of Joseph. Judah was blessed with monarchy, success in waging battle, and an abundance of wine and milk in his portion. Zevulon was blessed with success in his sea-trade endeavors. Jacob likened Issachar to a thick-boned donkey who finds both rest and ample work. Dan was blessed with the tenacity of a serpent and the ability to judge.

While the first three messages to Reuven, Shimon and Levi were harsh, the fourth (to Yehuda) was positive. Yaakov called Yehuda a "cub and a lion". Yehuda was both because he was a fierce leader when he needed to be (which translates to his future descendants), and had a soft side when that was required (Rashi: like reasoning with his brothers about the merits of killing vs not killing Yosef, and admitting his mistakes with Tamar). While all the tribes displayed distinct and special characteristics, Yehuda was the first to display an ability to modify his characteristic cased on the situation, a quality worth learning to emulate.

Daily Aliya for Vayechi, Shlishi (3rd Aliya)

Aliya Summary: Joseph was disturbed that Jacob placed his right hand on Ephraim, and he attempted to adjust his father's hands. "I know, my son, I know," Jacob responded, explaining that the "younger brother will be greater, and his children['s fame] will fill the nations." Jacob blessed the two boys further, saying that all of Israel will bless each other by saying: "May G‑d make you like Ephraim and Menashe."

Yosef panics when he sees Yaakov switch hands/blessings, but this was borne of the same theme discussed earlier. Yosef had to test his brothers to make sure they didn't become jealous when Binyamin got more presents than they did, and the brothers passed. Yaakov blessing Yosef's younger son more than the older might have created the same sort of jealousy, and Yosef had never tested his sons for their reaction. Yaakov's response was that he knew they would handle it well, and indeed they did. How did Yaakov know? Probably because Ephraim and Menashe had Yosef as a father, who instilled the proper values in his children. While Yosef tested his brothers, Yaakov didn't even see a need to test - Yosef's children's character was a given!

Daily Aliya for Vayechi, Sheni (2nd Aliya)

Aliya Summary: Joseph presents his two sons, placing Menashe, the firstborn, to Jacob's right, and Ephraim to Jacob's left. Jacob, who was nearly blind at this point, crossed his hands, placing his right – more prestigious – hand on Ephraim's head. He blessed them: "May the angel who redeemed me from all harm bless the youths, and may they be called by my name and the name of my fathers, Abraham and Isaac, and may they multiply abundantly like fish, in the midst of the land."

Yaakov's reference to fish in his blessings for Ephraim and Menashe (and for all Jewish children in perpetuity) is explained on at least two levels. Since fish are prolific, Yaakov was blessing his descendants that they should become a large nation. It is also known that the Ayin Hara (evil eye) has no hold over fish, and this too was part of his blessing. The connection between these two aspects is the phrase included in the blessing: "in the midst of the Land". If you are among others that are prolific and share your views and goals, there is less change of someone with an evil eye casting a curse on you. Hence the importance of living in a Jewish community, not just for the support, but for the shared goals.

Daily Aliya for Vayechi, Rishon (1st Aliya)

General Overview: This week's Torah reading, Vayechi, discusses Jacob's final years. Shortly before his passing, Jacob blesses Joseph's children as well as his own. A massive funeral procession escorts Jacob's body to Canaan. The reading, and the Book of Genesis, concludes with Joseph's death.

Aliya Summary: Jacob lived his last seventeen years in Egypt. When Jacob sensed that his days were numbered he summoned Joseph and asked him to promise that he would bury him in Israel. Joseph acceded to the request. When Jacob then fell ill, Joseph visited him, accompanied by his two sons, Menashe and Ephraim. Jacob conferred upon Ephraim and Menashe the status of tribal progenitors, a status hitherto enjoyed only by Jacob's sons. Joseph asked his father to bless Ephraim and Menashe.

Daily Aliya for Vayigash, Shvii (7th Aliya)

Aliya Summary: While Joseph supplied his family with food, the rest of Egypt was in a desperate plight. First they expended all their money in exchange for food that Joseph sold them. Then their money ran out, and they paid for provisions with their cattle. Finally, when they had no money or chattel left, they sold their land and themselves to Pharaoh into servitude in exchange for provisions. Meanwhile, in the land of Goshen, Jacob's family prospered and multiplied exceedingly.

Yosef did two things because of his sensitivities - he segregated his family from the rest of Egypt so that others wouldn't see how nicely they were living, and he also gave them food as it was needed (47:12), and not in excess. This is derived from the words "according to the young children".

Daily Aliya for Vayigash, Shishi (6th Aliya)

Aliya Summary: Jacob arrived in Egypt, to the province of Goshen that Pharaoh had allotted his family. Joseph went there to greet his father. Joseph prepared his family for meeting Pharaoh, and instructed his brothers to tell Pharaoh that they are shepherds, who only wish to tend to their flocks in Goshen until the famine ends. Indeed the brothers followed this script, and Pharaoh acceded to their request. Jacob was then brought before Pharaoh, and Jacob blessed him.

When at long last they met, Yaakov and Yosef reacted very differently. Yosef fell on his father's neck (hugged?) and wept for a long time, while Yaakov recited Shema without crying, and then expressed the joy of seeing Yosef's face again. Both were obviously happy, but while Yosef's joy was raw, Yaakov's was more acute and directed. He was able to pinpoint what he was most happy about - seeing on Yosef's face that he was still alive. What about Yosef's face showed him that he was still alive (more alive than he already knew Yosef was)? Or Hachaim explains that Yaakov was concerned that all the time in Egypt might have made Yosef change his ways away from Judaism, but when he saw his face (and eyes), Yaakov could tell that Yosef hadn't changed at all, and was still as righteous as he was 22 years ago. Faces tell a lot more than we think...

Daily Aliya for Vayigash, Chamishi (5th Aliya)

Aliya Summary: This Aliya names the seventy members of Jacob's family that went to Egypt.

OU's Torah Tidbits points out that the "whole world" that came from No'ach was 70. We now find the same number here in Yaakov's descendants. While their 70 became the Nations of the World, our 70 became the Jewish People. There is clearly something about adversity that brings people together, in this case to form a nation. As much as we dislike and avoid adversity, it has its purpose and benefits.

Daily Aliya for Vayigash, Revii (4th Aliya)

Aliya Summary: Jacob and his entire family left Canaan and headed to Egypt. En route they stopped in Be'er Sheva, where G‑d told Jacob not to fear going to Egypt, for it is there that he will be made into a great nation. Furthermore G‑d told him: "I will go down with you to Egypt, and I will also bring you up."

On his way to see Yosef, Yaakov stops to offer sacrifices to "the G-d of his father Yitzchak". It's a strange reference to Yitzchak, but an important connection. Yaakov must have realized the connection between the deceit he perpetuated against his father to receive Esav's blessings, and the deceit of Yosef's apparent death. Although completely justified, Yaakov was punished for causing his father such pain, and this offering might have been his repentance. Yaakov listened to his mother by deceiving his father, did the right thing for the future of the Jewish people, and yet he had to repent. How much more so should we repent when we do something we shouldn't...

Daily Aliya for Vayigash, Shlishi (3rd Aliya)

Aliya Summary: Joseph directed his brothers to quickly return to Canaan and bring Jacob and their families back to Egypt, where Joseph promised to provide them with food until the famine ends. Joseph embraced his brothers and cried. Pharaoh was informed that Joseph's family had arrived, and he, too, instructed them to come to Egypt where he would give them the "best of the land." The brothers went to Canaan – laden with gifts from Pharaoh and Joseph – and informed Jacob that Joseph was alive, indeed he ruled over all of Egypt. "And the spirit of their father Jacob was revived."

Yosef gives his brothers clothing, but gives Binyamin even more. Notice that once again a son of Rachel is being favored by being given a special garment. The first time, the results were disastrous for Yosef and his brothers. So why tempt them? When a child misuses a book, we don't forbid him to ever touch a book again. The opposite – teach the child how to properly treat books, and as soon as possible give him another. In this way, you will see if the lesson was learned. The "solution" to the problem of the brothers is not reached by avoiding difficult situations. So, since Yosef tested the brothers before they knew who he was, and they had passed the test, he felt comfortable that they had learned their lesson and were no longer jealous of what others had/got.

Daily Aliya for Vayigash, Sheni (2nd Aliya)

Aliya Summary: Judah continued: "When [Jacob] sees that the boy is gone, he will die." He explained to Joseph that he, Judah, had taken personal responsibility that Benjamin would return unharmed to Canaan. And as such, he asked to remain as a slave in stead of Benjamin. At that point, Joseph could not restrain himself any longer. He asked all the Egyptians present to leave the room, and he revealed his identity to his brothers: "I am Joseph! Is my father still alive?!" He then reassured them, and asked them not to be upset about selling him into slavery: "For it was to preserve life that G‑d sent me before you. For . . . another five years there will be neither plowing nor harvest, and G‑d sent me before you to ensure your survival in the land..."

"For how can I go up to my father, and the youth is not with me?" The straight forward meaning: Yehuda says, how can I face my father Yaakov without Binyamin with me. The Chassidic school of thought sees another meaning to Yehuda's statement: How can we go up to face G-d (after 120 years) without our youth? Does our behavior when we are/were young serve us well or embarrass us as we get older? It is easy to dismiss one's youth with a wave and a "you know how kids are", but it isn't that simple. Our youth need direction more than anyone else, they need to be "with" us, not on their own, "being who they are".

Daily Aliya for Vayigash, Rishon (1st Aliya)

General Overview: In this week's Torah treading, Vayigash, Judah responds to Joseph's demand that Benjamin remain enslaved in Egypt, pleading to be taken as a substitute. Joseph reveals his identity to his brothers. At Joseph's request, Jacob and his family come down to Egypt.

Aliya Summary: In the end of last week's Torah reading, Joseph demanded that Benjamin remain behind in Egypt as his slave. This week's reading opens with Judah approaching Joseph and appealed to him to allow Benjamin to return to his father Jacob in Canaan. He spoke of Jacob's reluctance to allow Benjamin – Rachel's only remaining child – to make the trip to Egypt, and the great love Jacob harbored for his youngest son.

Daily Aliya for Miketz, Revii (4th Aliya)

Aliya Summary: The famine predicted by Joseph commenced, a grave famine that affected Egypt and the entire Mediterranean region. Exactly as planned, Joseph had sufficient stores of food, which he personally sold to all who needed. Meanwhile, in nearby Canaan, Joseph's father, Jacob, dispatched his eldest ten sons – all of them excepting Benjamin – to Egypt to purchase food provisions. The brothers arrived and stood before Joseph, but did not recognize him, as his boyish appearance had changed in the interim years. When the brothers broached their request to purchase food, Joseph dealt with them harshly, accused them of espionage, and incarcerated them all for three days.

The Gemara in Taanit says that Yaakov and family were still well-supplied with food at this stage in the famine. Yet he sent them to Egypt, rather than provoke the jealousy of others with less. When others have not, it is improper to flaunt what you have.

Daily Aliya for Miketz, Shlishi (3rd Aliya)

Aliya Summary: Pharaoh appointed Joseph as viceroy of Egypt, and placed him in charge of the impending food collection operation. Thirty-year-old Joseph was placed second-in command of the Egyptian empire, accountable to no one but Pharaoh himself. Indeed, the seven years of plenty arrived as foretold by Joseph, and Joseph skillfully oversaw the collection of the surplus grain. Joseph married Osnat, the daughter of Potiphera, and she bore him two sons: Manasseh and Ephraim.

Even as Paroh conveyed second-in-command power to Yosef, he mentioned in various forms FIVE times that he was still the king and more powerful than Yosef, and then strangely proceeds to change Yosef's name to Zaphenath Pa'neach. Why would he do that, unless he wanted to take ownership of everything that Yosef was, even his name. That way when people ask how Yosef got his new name, Paroh would enter the conversation. This is an important tip in how one can take ownership of something. If you personalize a Mitzvah, not only is it more dear to you, but others associate you with it, and that can only increase the positive results.

Daily Aliya for Miketz, Sheni (2nd Aliya)

Aliya Summary: Pharaoh recounted his dreams to Joseph. Joseph told Pharaoh that both dreams contained a singular message: seven years of plenty were destined to come upon Egypt, followed by seven years of severe famine. Joseph proposed a plan to store the excess grain of the years of plenty, to serve as a reserve for the famine years to follow. Pharaoh was greatly impressed by Joseph's wisdom.

When Paroh called Yosef, he said that he heard that Yosef understood dreams, to which Yosef responded that it wasn't his wisdom, but that it was G-d's wisdom that he was relaying. At the end of Yosef's interpretation of Paroh's dream, he recommends that Paroh designate someone in charge of managing the excess food in preparation for the drought. Was that still G-d's wisdom, or was that his own? Or is the wisdom G-d imparted "downloaded" to Yosef, and Yosef incorporated it into his words and suggestions? Since the Torah doesn't specify when the interpretation ended and his suggestion began, it's most likely that Yosef incorporated (i.e. owned) G-d's wisdom, most likely through the knowledge he attained while learning in the Yeshiva if Shem and Eiver.

Daily Aliya for Miketz, Rishon (1st Aliya)

General Overview: Joseph interprets Pharaoh's dreams, becomes viceroy over Egypt, and implements his plan to save the region from famine. Joseph is harsh with his brothers who come to Egypt to buy food, and demands that Benjamin be brought to Egypt. When Benjamin eventually comes he is framed and accused of theft.

Aliya Summary: Pharaoh had a dream: seven fat cows arose from the Nile, followed by seven emaciated cows. The gaunt cows then consumed the robust ones. He then had a second dream, wherein seven healthy ears of grain were eaten by seven thin and parched ears. In the morning, none of Pharaoh's wise men were capable of interpreting the dreams to Pharaoh's satisfaction. Pharaoh's butler approached and related his past jailhouse experience, when a Hebrew boy, Joseph, successfully interpreted dreams. Pharaoh ordered Joseph's release, and he appeared before the king.

Daily Aliya for Vayeshev, Shvii (7th Aliya)

Aliya Summary: Two of Pharaoh's officers, his butler and baker, aroused the royal ire and were cast into prison— the same one that Joseph was now administering. One night, they both had odd dreams, and Joseph interpreted them. Joseph told the butler that he'd soon be released and restored to Pharaoh's service. The baker was told by Joseph that he would soon be hung. Joseph pleaded with the butler to mention his plight to Pharaoh, and ask for his release. Three days later, both of Joseph's interpretations came true; but the butler forgot all about Joseph.

Commentaries explain that Yosef shouldn't have asked the butler for help, because that would give the butler too much credit if he actually did help Yosef, which would then minimize G-d's help. But what's the balance? Should he not have tried, and relied totally on G-d? Or should he/we make an effort when presented with the possibility? It's a question that requires further study, and probably applied to each situation individually.

Daily Aliya for Vayeshev, Shishi (6th Aliya)

Aliya Summary: Joseph was exceedingly handsome, and Potifar's wife was attracted to him. She made many advances on him, but he steadfastly rebuffed her. Eventually she libelously told her husband that Joseph was making advances on her, and Potifar had Joseph thrown into prison. G‑d was still with Joseph, and he found favor in the eyes of the prison warden, who put him in charge of all the prisoners.

The Sfat Emet calls our attention to to sequence of verbs - "And he refused", "and he said"... First and foremost, when a person is being led into temptation they must stand firm and refuse to give in. Then, if warranted, they can explain their reasons.

Daily Aliya for Vayeshev, Chamishi (5th Aliya)

Aliya Summary: We return to the story of Joseph, who was serving in the home of Potifar. G‑d was with Joseph, and he succeeded in all his endeavors. When Potifar took note of this fact, he put Joseph in charge of his entire household and estate.

The portion of Yosef in Potifar's house is juxtaposed to the episode of Yehuda and Tamar. The standard explanation is that the sale of Yosef caused Yehuda to lose the respect of his brothers. Rashi gives another, intriguing, explanation. He says that it is to equate Tamar and Potifar's wife - both of whom acted "for the sake of Heaven". Potifar's wife, says Rashi, saw via astrology that she was destined to have descendants that came from Yosef. She thought that she was the one and so she attempted to seduce him. She was just a bit off, as in fact it was her daughter Osnat that would bear Yosef's children.

Daily Aliya for Vayeshev, Revii (4th Aliya)

Aliya Summary: The story of Joseph is interrupted by the episode of Judah and Tamar. Judah married the daughter of a local businessman and had three sons. His first son, Er, married a woman named Tamar, but died soon thereafter. Judah had his second son, Onan, marry Tamar and thus fulfill the mitzvah of Yibbum, but he too died childless. Judah hesitated to give his third son to Tamar, so she returned to her father's home. Judah's wife then died, and he embarked on a business trip. Tamar dressed herself like a prostitute and sat by the side of the road. Judah didn't recognize her, was intimate with her and she becomes pregnant. A few months later, when her pregnancy became evident, Judah ordered her executed for harlotry. As she was being taken out to die, she produced some of Judah's personal effects that he had left behind when he visited her. Judah admitted that he was the father, and Tamar was spared. Tamar then gave birth to twin sons, Zerach and Peretz.

The Gemara teaches that one must avoid embarrassing another at all costs - it is better to be thrown into a fiery furnace than to embarrass someone. We learn this from Tamar, who did not denounce Yehuda, even though she would have been considered guilty of immorality had Yehuda not owned up to his actions.

Daily Aliya for Vayeshev, Shlishi (3rd Aliya)

Aliya Summary: Joseph arrived and his brothers immediately stripped him of his fancy robe and cast him into a pit. Upon Judah's advice, they subsequently sold him to an Ishmaelite caravan traveling to Egypt, who in turn sold him as a slave to Potiphar, Pharaoh's chief butcher. Meanwhile, the brothers dipped Joseph's robe into blood, and showed it to Jacob, who assumed that Joseph was devoured by a wild beast. Jacob then commenced 22 years of mourning for his beloved son.

Rashi gives us another aspect of the "Measure for Measure" punishment of Yakov. The passuk says that he "mourned for his son MANY DAYS." Rashi says that it was 22 years, the exact length of time that Yakov was away from Yitzchak. It includes the 20 years with Lavan, a year and a half in Sukkot, and six months in Bet El before Yakov returned to his father's house. Why was Yakov punished for being away from his father if he was sent away by his mother to find a wife and hide from Esav? Rabbi Teichman explains that it's because when he was done with all of that, he spent the last 18 months in Sukkot and Bet El instead of rushing home. Once he didn't rush, he was punished for the entire length of time. If ever we needed motivation to grab opportunities (Mitzvot) as they present themselves, this is it!

Daily Aliya for Vayeshev, Sheni (2nd Aliya)

Aliya Summary: Joseph's brothers were away tending their father's sheep, when Jacob sent Joseph to see how his brothers and the flocks were faring. When Joseph's brothers saw him approaching they plotted to kill him. Reuven, however, implored them not to shed blood, advising them instead to cast him into one of the nearby pits. Reuven's plan was to later return and rescue Joseph from the pit.

Rashi says that Reuven truly intended to come back and save Yosef, but his reason was that he, as the oldest, would take all the blame if something were to indeed happen to Yosef (pretty selfish reason). Nonetheless, he gets the credit for the good deed he planned on doing, despite the facts that 1) it wasn't accomplished and that 2) his motives were not pure. How much more credit is there for those of us with proper motives that DO accomplish our objectives and do good things!

Daily Aliya for Vayeshev, Rishon (1st Aliya)

General Overview: In this week's reading, Vayeishev, Joseph relates to his brothers his grandiose dreams of greatness, arousing their jealousy. He is consequently sold into slavery to an Egyptian master. After defying his Egyptian master's wife, Joseph is thrown into jail, where he interprets the dreams of Pharaoh's cup-bearer and baker. The story of Judah and Tamaris also related at length.

Aliya Summary: Jacob and his family settled in Canaan. Of all his sons, Jacob favored Joseph, the firstborn of his deceased beloved wife Rachel, and he made for him a special robe of fine wool. Joseph's brothers were jealous of the favoritism, and avoided talking to Joseph. Joseph related to his brothers two dreams he had, both implying that he would eventually rule over his brothers—and thus increased his brothers' envy and hatred.

Daily Aliya for Vayishlach, Shvii (7th Aliya)

Aliya Summary: The Torah continues naming the descendants of Esav and the kings that ruled the city-states, "even before there ruled a king in Israel". Israel must still go through many stages of refinement and pass through many trials and tribulations before they are to emerge as The People of Israel. This is echoed in the Pesach Haggada when it says that G-d gave territory to Esav and Yakov and his sons went down into Mitzrayim.

Daily Aliya for Vayishlach, Shishi (6th Aliya)

Aliya Summary: Jacob's family continued on towards Chevron. While en route, Rachel, Jacob's beloved wife, passed away while giving birth to her second son, Benjamin. Jacob buried her on the spot, on the roadside leading to Bethlechem. They traveled yet further, and Jacob's eldest son, Reuven, interfered with his father's marital life. At long last, Jacob arrived in Chevron. Isaac died, and was buried in the Cave of Machpelah alongside his wife and parents. The Torah now lists the wives and descendents of Esav, who left Canaan and settled in Se'ir.

Some say that Reuven moved Yakov's bed from the tent of Bilha - where Yakov had placed it after Rachel's death - into his mother's tent. The Torah's cryptic description of what he did is considered a sharp rebuke for his actions, which were disrespectful to his father. What type of "rebuke" is it for us to read it thousands of years later? Unless the legacy of Reuven takes a hit when we think of him negatively (as does anyone's legacy), to which the Torah is (and by extension we should be) sensitive to.

Daily Aliya for Vayishlach, Chamishi (5th Aliya)

Aliya Summary: Jacob's daughter, Dina, ventured out into the city of Shechem, when Shechem, also the name of the crown prince of the city, abducted and violated her and kept her hostage. Chamor, the governor of the city, approached Jacob and informed him that his son Shechem was infatuated with Dina and desired her hand in marriage. Jacob's sons slyly agreed to the proposition, provided that all the men of the city would circumcise themselves. Upon the urging of Chamor and Shechem, the Shechemites agreed to the proposal. On the third day following their mass circumcision, Dina's two brothers, Simon and Levi, entered the vulnerable city, killed all its male inhabitants, and liberated Dina from Shechem's home. Jacob was displeased by this act, fearing reprisal from the neighboring Canaanites. Nonetheless, Jacob traveled on, and "the fear of G‑d" was upon the surrounding cities and they did not pursue Jacob and his family. Jacob arrived in Canaan, in Beth-El, and G‑d appeared to him, blessed him, and changed his name to Israel.

Among the reactions to Dina's rape is Yakov's silence, her brothers' sadness, anger followed by revenge. Their anger, however, was on behalf of Dina (34:13) and their father (34:7). In contrast, all of Shechem's actions were driven by his lust for Dina (34:11). So we have another conflict between opposing forces: those that think and do for others vs. those that think and do selfishly for themselves, and to everyone else's detriment. There's a lot to learn about how to deal (or not deal) with diametrically opposing viewpoints.

Daily Aliya for Vayishlach, Revii (4th Aliya)

Aliya Summary: Jacob's family approached and greeted Esav (except for Dina, whom Jacob hid). Despite Esav's objections, Jacob prevailed upon him to accept the gift he had sent ahead. Esav offered to accompany Jacob on his trip home, but Jacob declined the gesture. Esav returned to his home in Se'ir, and Jacob proceeded to the city of Sukkot. Eventually Jacob arrived at the outskirts of the city of Shechem, where he purchased a plot of land and erected an altar to G‑d.

Why did Yakov hide Dina from Esav? Some explain that Yakov did not want Esav to ask for (take) Dina as a wife and thereby subject her to his wickedness. For this, Yakov was punished, because Dina would have been a positive influence on Esav. Commentaries ask whether Yakov should be praised, rather than punished, for protecting Dina. Bartenura says that Yakov's reason for hiding Dina was not the fear of anything negative happening to her,but the fear that she would succeed in reforming Esav, which would make him worthy of the blessing that he would dominate his brother.All these possibilities highlight the ambiguity of life, and the far-reaching consequences of our actions and inactions, many of which will not be known to us for years, if ever. All we can do is make the best informed decision we can at the time, and hope G-d gave us the wisdom to make the right one.

Daily Aliya for Vayishlach, Shlishi (3rd Aliya)

Aliya Summary: The Torah informs us that we don't eat the sciatic nerve of otherwise kosher animals because of the wrestling episode mentioned in the previous section. Esav arrived. Jacob respectfully approached his brother, who then ran towards him and embraced him, as they both wept.

It is well known that the word for "and he kissed him" is written in the Torah with dots above the word. This is calling our attention to the word. Rashi tells us that there are two Traditions about the meaning of the word. One opinion is that the kiss was not sincere, that Esav still hates Yakov, and that he was only going through the motions. The other opinion is that "at this moment", Esav was overcome by sincere brotherly emotions and kissed Yakov with all his heart. We often have mixed emotions about things, and should always try to follow the appropriate emotion.

Daily Aliya for Vayishlach, Sheni (2nd Aliya)

Aliya Summary: In an attempt to pacify Esav, Jacob sent him a lavish gift, consisting of hundreds of heads of cattle and sheep. He sent this gift in increments, one herd at a time. That night Jacob crossed the Jabok River with his family, and after all had crossed but him, he encountered an angel – Esav's archangel – who wrestled with him until dawn. Though the angel was unable to prevail over Jacob, he dislodged Jacob's sciatic nerve, causing him to limp. When the angel wished to leave, Jacob refused to let him go until he blessed Jacob. The angel blessed Jacob and informed him that his name would be changed to Israel.

Commentaries tell us that Yakov had returned across the Yabok River to retrieve some small flasks of oil that had been inadvertently left behind. Some say that this was the oil with which he anointed the altar and monument he built in G-d's honor, and that this flask of oil was the antecedent of thesole flask of oil found by the Chashmonaim many centuries later. It turns out that Yakov crossing a river to get small flasks of oil seems trivial, but either because of the concept of not wasting anything that G-d gives you, or because of some deeper symbolism for the future, Yakov's actions were a lesson to us: There is no "small" mitzvah/deed.

Daily Aliya for Vayishlach, Rishon (1st Aliya)

General Overview: In this week's reading, Vayishlach, Jacob returns to Canaan, but is fearful of his brother Esav. They meet and make peace. Jacob wrestles with an angel, and his name is changed to Israel. Jacob's daughter Dinah is abducted by the prince of Shechem. Shimon and Levi destroy the city of Shechem and liberate Dinah. Rachel dies while giving birth to Jacob's twelfth son, Benjamin. Isaac dies.

Aliya Summary: Jacob was on his way home to his father Isaac after twenty years of absence, having fled Canaan to escape his brother Esav's wrath. As a peaceful overture, Jacob now sent ahead messengers to Esav with a reconciliatory message. The messengers returned with an ominous report: Esav is coming to "greet" Jacob with a troop of 400 men. Jacob was distressed. He divided his family and belongings into two groups—to allow one group to flee while the other was engaged in battle. He then prayed, calling upon G‑d's promise to protect him.

Daily Aliya for Vayetzei, Shvii (7th Aliya)

Aliya Summary: Lavan answers that the women are his daughters, that the children are his children, and the animals are his as well. Yakov and Lavan make a pact and form a mound of rocks as a sign of their agreement. Yakov offers a sacrifice to G-d and swears to the covenant. In the morning, Lavan kisses his children and grandchildren, blesses them, and returns home. Yakov continues on his journey and encounters angels on the way, Yakov names the place Machanayim.

What was the pact for? Did they agree on something? They disagreed about the mound of rocks, Yakov calling it Galed and Lavan calling it Yegar Sahadutha. But then Lavan agreed that since the mound is a witness to the truce between them, he would call it Galed. They went on to agree to stay away from each other in peace, but were only able to do so once they appreciated and respected the others' perspective, as shown by Lavan's willingness to call the mound Galed. This is an important blueprint to overcoming conflict in our lives, as well.

Daily Aliya for Vayetzei, Shishi (6th Aliya)

Aliya Summary: Yakov prepares to leave. Meanwhile, Rachel takes her father's idols in his absence. When Lavan becomes aware of Yakov's departure, he sets out in pursuit. G-d appears to Lavan in a dream and warns him not to harm Yakov in any way. When Lavan catches up to Yakov, he confronts him about the unannounced departure and the missing idols.

Yakov answers in kind, expressing his anger at Lavan's repeated attempts to cheat him. As to the idols, Yakov permits Lavan to search for them and boldly declares that the one who took them shall not live. Lavan fails to find his idols because Rachel convinces him not to search her person or belongings. Had it not been for G-d's protection, Yakov tells Lavan, you would have left me with nothing.

Daily Aliya for Vayetzei, Chamishi (5th Aliya)

Aliya Summary: "Specify your wages," Lavan told Jacob. "And I will give it!" Jacob proposed that all the streaked and spotted sheep that would be born to Lavan's sheep would constitute his payment. In return, Jacob would continue caring for Lavan's flocks. Lavan immediately removed all the existing spotted and streaked sheep from the herd and put them under his sons' charge—thus differentiating between the current ones, which belonged to Lavan, and the to-be-born ones, that would belong to Jacob. Jacob made striped poles for the strong and robust sheep to view while they were mating. As a result, the sheep gave birth to striped offspring, and Jacob became fabulously wealthy—despite Lavan's deceptive practices, and his continual changing of the terms of Jacob's pay. After an additional six years of service, G‑d commanded Jacob to return to Canaan. Jacob summoned his wives, who agreed that the time has arrived to leave.

So Lavan tries to take all of Yakov's possessions by renegotiating their agreement, Yakov ends up with a massive flock despite Lavan's best efforts, Yakov sees in Lavan's face that something has changed and his welcome has officially worn out, G-d tells him to leave, and he still finds it necessary to call Rachel and Leah for a private conference in the field, explains his reasons for wanting to leave, and doesn't decide until they both give him permission to do as G-d says. If ever there's a model for treating a spouse with respect, Yakov would be it!

Daily Aliya for Vayetzei, Revii (4th Aliya)

Aliya Summary: One spring day, Reuven picked jasmine plants from the field, and brought them to his mother. Rachel asks Leah for some of them, and Leah agreed, provided that Rachel relinquishes her turn with Jacob that night. Leah gave birth to another two sons – Issachar and Zevulun – and one daughter—Dinah. Eventually, Rachel, too, gave birth to a son, whom she named Joseph. At that point, Jacob asked Lavan for permission to take his wives and children and return to Canaan. Lavan acknowledges that he has been blessed because of Jacob.

For many years Rachel could not conceive, and when she finally did, the Passuk describes how "G-d remembered Rachel", which Rashi explains to mean that he remembered how Rachel gave her sister the signs to convince Yakov to marry Leah, and how selfless that act was. What's between the lines is that although Rachel had been praying for children for all those years, she never used her previous act of kindness as leverage, or as a complaint for her not having children. Rather, G-d independently remembered what she had done. All those years of her sister benefiting from her kindness, and not once did Rachel regret or even mention her actions that allowed her sister to thrive.

Daily Aliya for Vayetzei, Shlishi (3rd Aliya)

Aliya Summary: Lavan had two daughters, the aforementioned Rachel, and her older sister Leah. Jacob loved Rachel and offered to serve Lavan for seven years in exchange for her hand in marriage. Lavan accepted the deal. After the seven years of service passed, Jacob asked Lavan to make good on his word. Lavan arranged a wedding feast, but switched daughters, giving Leah instead of Rachel. When Jacob protested, Lavan offered to give Rachel too—in exchange for another seven years of service. One week later Jacob married Rachel, and began serving an additional seven years. Leah gave birth to four children – Reuven, Simon, Levi, and Judah – but Rachel remained barren. Rachel and Leah both gave their handmaids to Jacob as concubines. Rachel's maid, Bilhah, bore two children – Dan and Naftali – and Leah's maid also bore two children—Gad and Asher.

Sources indicate that it was Rachel who facilitated the switch, motivated by love and compassion for her sister. Rachel gave her private "signals" to Leah in order to save her from a probable marriage to Esav, Yitzchak's biological elder son. This compassion of Rachel's serves her descendants well many years later,when she "intercedes" before G-d following the destruction of the Temple. Tradition tells us that G-d "softened" the punishment with a promise of return from exile only after Rachel pleaded before Him. The Avot and Moshe had not similarly succeeded in their pleas on behalf of the people.

Daily Aliya for Vayetzei, Sheni (2nd Aliya)

Aliya Summary: Jacob continued on his journey, and arrived at a well located on the outskirts of Charan. Upon seeing Rachel, Lavan's younger daughter, arriving with her father's sheep, Jacob single-handedly rolled off the heavy rock that sat atop the well, and gave water to the flock. Rachel told her father about the new arrival, and Lavan rushed out to greet Jacob. Jacob went to Lavan's home, and after spending a month, Lavan offered Jacob the job of tending to his herds, and asked Jacob what he wished in terms of wages.

Medrash Rabah explains that as soon as Yakov was assured protection in his travels, he "lifted his feet" and headed east, which means that he was so excited to go that traveling seemed effortless. Similarly, when Yakov was near the the well where the shepherds were waiting for a crowd big enough to collectively lift the cover off, as soon as Yakov saw Rachel he was able to lift the cover single-handedly. Mood and attitude have everything to do with what we accomplish in life. That's why it's a Mitzvah to be happy, and happiness starts with appreciation.

Daily Aliya for Vayetzei, Rishon (1st Aliya)

General Overview: In this week's reading, Vayeitzei, Jacob travels to his uncle Lavan. En route he stops at the Temple Mount where G‑d appears and assures him that he will return safely to the Land of Canaan. Jacob stays for twenty years in Charan before returning to Canaan. During his stay he shepherds Lavan's sheep, and survives and prospers despite all his uncle's attempted deceptions. He marries Leah and Rachel, and the first eleven tribes are born.

Aliya Summary: Jacob left Be'er Sheva and headed towards Charan, to his uncle Lavan's home. While traveling, Jacob encountered "the place" (Mount Moriah) and since the sun had set, he lay down to sleep. In a dream he saw a ladder reaching up to heaven with angels ascending and descending its rungs. G‑d appeared and informed him that He would bequeath the entire land to his descendants, and that He would safeguard him until he returned to Canaan. Jacob awoke, and now recognizing the holiness of the location, he erected a monument to G‑d, named the location Beth El ("House of G‑d"), and vowed to tithe all his belongings when G‑d's promise of a safe return would be fulfilled.

Daily Aliya for Toldot, Shvii (7th Aliya)

Aliya Summary: Esav sees that their father has sent Yakov to Padan Aram to find a wife, because he does not want him to take a Canaanite wife. Yakov goes on his way and Esav takes as another wife, the daughter of Yishmael, Machalat b. Yishmael...

Talmud Yerushalmi exclaims that this is Bosmat, and asks why her name was changed. The astonishing answer is that all Esav's sins were forgiven when he took a wife intended to please his parents. The Talmud generalizes and gives this as the source that the sins of a bride and groom are forgiven when they marry.

Daily Aliya for Toldot, Shishi (6th Aliya)

Aliya Summary: Isaac blessed Jacob with the "dew of the heaven and the fat of the earth," and granted him mastery over his brother. No sooner than the blessing ended, Esav arrived from the field, only to be informed by his father – who now understood what had transpired – that the blessing was already given to his younger brother. Esav was furious and Isaac comforted him with a minor blessing. Esav was determined to kill Jacob, but Rivka, who got wind of this plot, asked Isaac to send Jacob to Charan to find a wife. Isaac did so, and blessed Jacob again before he departed.

Yitzchak gave Yakov the blessing of being a master over his brother, and gave Esav the blessing of serving his brother. How can they both be blessings? Perhaps when everyone fulfills their roles in life, everyone is blessed. If there is a master, there must be a servant. Yet the Passuk immediately says that Esav hated Yakov because of the blessing that he got. Wouldn't Esav instead hate Yakov because of the blessings that he didn't get? Unless Esav refused to play his role as follower, thereby abandoning and losing everything. We too have roles in life, sometimes different roles simultaneously (i.e. leaders at home and followers at work, or leaders at work and followers in Shul). The truth is that Yakov is better off now being the leader, but he would have made it work just fine as a follower, had that been his role.

Daily Aliya for Toldot, Chamishi (5th Aliya)

Aliya Summary: Isaac agreed to Avimelech's request. On that day, Isaac's servants informed him that they had successfully dug another well. At the age of forty, Esav married two wives. Their idolatrous ways anguished Isaac and Rivka. Isaac had now advanced in age, and he became blind. He summoned Esav and told him that he wished to bless him, but first he should go to the field and hunt some game for him to eat. Rivka heard this conversation and advised Jacob to don Esav's clothing and trick Isaac into blessing him instead. Rivka prepared meat and gave it to Jacob to bring to his father. She also took hairy goatskin and put it on Jacob's smooth arms and neck. Jacob approached his father and presented himself as Esav, and Isaac ate from the repast Rivka had prepared.

Rivka took upon herself the potential curse if the deception were to be discovered. Targum Onkeles adds a very significant phrase to his translation, adding "to me was told as prophecy..." This way of looking at the episode is that Rivka was, in essence, commanded by G-d to arrange that the blessings go to Yaakov, and in specifically this way. Why is this way of attaining the blessings so important? It might be because wanting something often means going out and getting it, and psychologically helps us appreciate it more.

Daily Aliya for Toldot, Revii (4th Aliya)

Aliya Summary: Yitzchak sets himself up in Be'er Sheva. G-d appears to him and reiterates the promises for prosperity made to Avraham. Yitzchak builds an altar to G-d and continues to prosper. Avimelech, realizing that his own prosperity was due to the presence of Yitzchak, comes with a delegation to Yitzchak in order to enter into a covenant with him.

The Baal HaTurim notes that when G-d speaks to Yitzchak, He does not use the name associated with Divine Mercy, as He had done with Avraham and will do with Yaakov. Avraham and Yaakov went through difficult times, but they were treated, so to speak, with an element of Mercy. Yitzchak's trials and tribulations were without G-d's mercy, because Yitzchak had a certain extra strength of character that can withstand powerful trials. Is that fair? Or was Yitzchak tested because he needed to be (for his and our sake), because he could pass those tests, and because his reward is that much greater than those tested less?

Daily Aliya for Toldot, Shlishi (3rd Aliya)

Aliya Summary: Isaac became extremely wealthy. He also re-dug some of the wells that his father Avraham had dug, but had since been stopped up by the Philistines. The Philistines eventually became envious of his wealth, and asked him to leave. Isaac complied, moving away from the city and settling in the Gerar Valley. There, Isaac's servants dug two new wells but the Philistines contested his ownership over these wells. The third well he dug was uncontested.

Some see these wells as a hidden reference to the first and second Temples, which fell, and the third which will stand forever. The Gemara in Brachot says that anyone who sees a well in a dream will see peace, because this Aliya is immediately followed by the peace treaty between Avimelech and Yitzchak. Others say that anyone who sees a well in their dream has found Torah, equating water with Torah. These varied references have one thing in common: They acknowledge the symbolism of this Aliya's story. So whether it's salvation, peace or Torah, this story of our past is one of hope for our future.

Daily Aliya for Toldot, Sheni (2nd Aliya)

Aliya Summary: Isaac settled in Philistine. When the townspeople inquired regarding his wife, he told them that she was his sister, fearing that otherwise the Philistines would kill him in order to take Rivka. Eventually, Avimelech, king of the Philistines, noticed that Rivka was Isaac's wife and though he reprimanded Isaac, he issued a decree that no one touch them. While in Philistine, Isaac sowed crops, and miraculously harvested a hundred times more than a field's normal yield.

The first famine that drove Avraham and Sarah to Egypt, when Paroh discovers their true relationship, he sends them away. The second time, when they went to Gerar and said they were brother and sister, and were then "discovered", Avimelech gives them many things and invites them to stay. (Paroh had given Avraham great wealth, but it was before he knew.) Yitzchak and Rivka also say they are siblings, but no one takes Rivka. When they are "found out", they stick around. Why stay? The answer is because G-d told them to stay, but the reason why it was ok for them to stay might be because the men (and king) were decent enough not to have taken Rivka, although they thought she was single.

Daily Aliya for Toldot, Rishon (1st Aliya)

General Overview: In this week's Parsha, Toldot, Yakov and Esav are born. Isaac relocates to Philistine where he digs wells, resulting in friction between him and the locals. Rivka and Yakov successfully deceive Isaac, tricking him into giving to Yakov the blessings he had intended for Esav.

Aliya Summary: Rivka had trouble conceiving. Isaac and Rivka prayed for children, and after twenty years of marriage Rivka became pregnant. She was concerned about her exceedingly difficult pregnancy, and was advised by G‑d that this was due to two children – two nations – struggling in her womb. She gave birth to twin boys: a hairy, ruddy boy named Esav, and a second son, born clutching his brother's heel, named Yakov. Esav became a hunter, while Yakov was an honest man who frequented the schools of Torah. Isaac favored Esav, while Rivka preferred Yakov. One day, Esav came home from the field hungry, and pleaded with Yakov to give him some of the stew he was cooking. Yakov agreed to Esav's request provided that he give him his birthright as firstborn in exchange—and Esav acceded to this barter. There was a famine in Canaan, and Isaac was escaping the famine by traveling to Egypt via Philistine when G‑d told him to remain in Philistine. G‑d also informed Isaac that he would visit upon him all the blessings He had promised to Avraham.

Daily Aliya for Chaye Sarah, Shvii (7th Aliya)

Aliya Summary: The descendants of Yishmael are now enumerated. Yishmael is identified fully as the son of Avraham and Hagar the Egyptian maiden of Sara who bore Yishmael to Avraham. This is quite parallel to the description of Yitzchak's connection to Avraham as stated in the beginning of next week's Parsha. This might further indicate Yishmael's Teshuva in his later years.

It is noteworthy that Yishmael fathered twelve sons, not like Yitzchak, but like Yaakov. Yishmael dies at the age of 100 and 30 and 7 years. The wording in the Torah purposely parallels that which was used to describe Sara's lifespan, a further indication (perhaps) of the change for the better in Yishmael. Rashi says that the age of Yishmael is included to help us compute the chronology of Yaakov.

Daily Aliya for Chaye Sarah, Shishi (6th Aliya)

Aliya Summary: Avraham remarried and fathered several more children. Before his death, however, Avraham gave gifts to his other children and sent them all away, and bequeathed all the rest of his possessions to Isaac. Abraham died at the age of 175, and was buried by Isaac and Ishmael in the cave of Machpela beside his wife, Sarah.

To honor the memory and legacy of his father, Ishmael allowed Isaac to take the lead, understanding that the future of the Jewish people would come from him. That deferral was important to Avraham, and the Gemara deduces is the reason why Avraham lived to a "good" old age. Making peace with family and friends doesn't just affect the parties directly involved, but those around us/them. This aspect of forgiveness is often overlooked, especially while conflict exists. Sometimes only once we resolve conflict do we really see who we were hurting all along.

Daily Aliya for Chaye Sarah, Chamishi (5th Aliya)

Aliya Summary: Rivka's family celebrates the engagement together with Avraham's servant. Next morning, the servant insisted on immediately returning to his master with the maiden in hand, and after Rivka agreed, the two set out for Canaan. Isaac married Rivka, loved her, and finally found consolation for the loss of his mother.

The Medrash says that the day Rivka was brought to Yitzchak, he was busy bringing Hagar to Avraham so that he should marry her. Is it a coincidence that he was helping his father with something that he himself then received help with? Or is this a message that if you want help, you should be involved in helping others?

Daily Aliya for Chaye Sarah, Revii (4th Aliya)

Aliya Summary: Rivka ran to tell her family about the man at the well, and her brother, Lavan, went out, greeted the servant, and invited him to spend the night. The servant told Rivka's family the purpose of his mission to the city, and recounted the heavenly sign that designated Rivka as his master's son's wife. Rivka's family agreed that the match was divinely ordained, and consented to the proposed match.

It's interesting to note that in this Aliya the Torah recaps Eliezer recapping the day's events to Lavan and Betuel. We were told of Eliezer's plans before they happened, the events themselves were written, and now we get a recap of a recap. Rashi mentions a teaching from Rabbi Acha, who said: "The ordinary conversation of the servants of the Patriarchs is more beloved before the Omnipresent than the Torah of their sons, for the section dealing with Eliezer is repeated in the Torah, whereas many fundamentals of the Torah were given only through allusions." In fact, some of Eliezer's words are used in the "Hineni" tefilla recited every Rosh Hashana/Yom Kippur. There is so much for us to learn from the respect and commitment that Eliezer handled himself with.

Daily Aliya for Chaye Sarah, Shlishi (3rd Aliya)

Aliya Summary: The servant (Eliezer) set out for his master's homeland and evening time found him beside the city well. He prayed for success in his mission, and asked for a heavenly sign to confirm his choice of a girl for Isaac. He would ask a maiden for a drink of water, and the one who would answer: "Certainly, and I'll also give your camels to drink as well," would be the proper choice for Isaac. Immediately a young lady approached and in response to the servant's request for a drink, she offered to give his camels to drink too. Upon questioning her, he discovered that she was Avraham's great-niece, Rivka.

When Eliezer saw that Rivka offered to give the camels water, the Passuk says that he was "astonished at her". Why was he so astonished? Was it her kindness? If anything, Eliezer knew all about kindness, having devoted himself so completely to fulfilling his master's wishes that the story doesn't even include his name! Maybe what was so astonishing about Rivka is that she was so kind despite her surroundings (living with Lavan), while Eliezer was kind because of his surroundings (living with Avraham). Either way, there are always new ways to be kind to others, as both people in this Aliya prove.

Daily Aliya for Chaye Sarah, Sheni (2nd Aliya)

Aliya Summary: Having acquired the land, Avraham buried Sarah in the Cave of Machpela. At this point, Avraham summoned his servant and charged him with the mission of finding a suitable wife for his son Isaac. Avraham had his servant swear that he would not take a wife for Isaac from the local Canaanite women. Instead, he asked him to travel to Aram, his native land, and find a wife for Isaac there.

When the field of Ephron was acquired by Avraham, the Passuk says that it was "established" ("vayakam"). But the hebrew word also means "it was elevated", as Rashi explains, from being owned by Ephron to being owned by Avraham. But it was also raised in stature by its new use, being an object used for a Mitzvah. Just like objects such as this land/cave can be elevated by using them for good things, we too can elevate ourselves and our existence by performing good deeds.

Daily Aliya for Chaye Sarah, Rishon (1st Aliya)

General Overview: In this week's Torah reading, Chaye Sarah, Sarah dies and Avraham purchases the Cave of Machpela as a burial plot for his wife. Avraham's servant travels to Aram to find a wife for Isaac. Isaac marries Rebecca. Avraham dies.

Aliya Summary: Sarah died at the age of 127, and her grieving husband Avraham identified a plot in the city of Chevron that he wished to procure for use as a family burial ground. This plot, a cave situated in the Machpela field, belonged to Ephron the Hittite, so Avraham approached the Hittite tribe and asked for permission to purchase the parcel of land. Originally Ephron wished to give the plot to Avraham as a gift, but after Avraham insisted on paying full price the acquisition was concluded with Avraham paying 400 premium silver coins.

Daily Aliya for Vayeira, Shvii (7th Aliya)

Aliya Summary: G‑d commanded Avraham to take Isaac and offer him as a sacrifice on a mountain. Avraham took along Isaac and necessary provisions, and set out for the mountain. They arrived and Avraham built the altar and bound Isaac. As Avraham stretched out his hand to take the slaughtering knife, an angel ordered him to desist. Avraham offered a ram, which was caught in a nearby thicket, in lieu of his son. G‑d promised Avraham great blessings as a reward for passing this difficult test. After these events, Avraham was notified that his sister-in-law had given birth to children. One of these children, Betuel, was the father of Rebecca, Isaac's future wife.

G-d said: "Take your son, your only, whom you love..." It would have been easier for Avraham to carry out G-d's command to sacrifice Yitzchak, if he (Avraham) could have somehow suppressed his feelings of love for his son. The "greatness" of this test of Avraham's faith is that he was willing to sacrifice his son, his only one, his beloved (Chidushei HaRim).

Daily Aliya for Vayeira, Shishi (6th Aliya)

Aliya Summary: Avimelech approached Avraham and requested to enter into a treaty with him, whereby neither party will harm the other for three generations. Avraham agreed, but reprimanded Avimelech concerning a well of water which he had dug which was stolen by Avimelech's subjects. Avraham set apart seven ewes, telling Avimelech to take them as a testimony that he, Avraham, dug the well. Avraham planted an orchard and established an inn in Beer Sheba and proclaimed the name of G‑d to all passersby.

Avraham plants an "Eshel" in Be'er Sheva. In addition to being a type of tree, the word Eshel is an acronym of the Hebrew words for Food, Drink, and Lodgings (or Food, Sleeping, Escort) - the symbol of hospitality for all generations. With these trees, Avraham was literally and figuratively planting the seeds of Chesed for the future, and in our minds.

Daily Aliya for Vayeira, Chamishi (5th Aliya)

Aliya Summary: Isaac grew, and Sarah noticed that Ishmael, Isaac's older half-brother, was a potentially negative influence on her young child. She demanded of Avraham to expel Ishmael, along with his mother Hagar, from the household. Despite Avraham's initial misgivings, G‑d tells him: "Whatever Sarah tells you, listen to her voice!" Hagar and Ishmael wandered in the desert and eventually ran out of water. Ishmael was about to perish from thirst when an angel "opened Hagar's eyes" and showed her a well of water. Ishmael grew up in the desert and became a skilled archer.

The Gemara explains that although Ishmael was destined to do evil things to do the Jews, G-d saved him now because he was not yet evil, which by definition meant that he had the opportunity to stay righteous. That's why the Passuk says "G-d has heard the lad's voice in the place where he is." Where he was THEN, not where he will be. This is one of the 13 Attributes of Mercy (the very first): Giving us a chance to do the right thing, where He knows we'll take it or not.

Daily Aliya for Vayeira, Revii (4th Aliya)

Aliya Summary: G‑d rained fire and sulfur on Sodom, and then overturned the entire region. Lot's wife looked back, and was transformed into a pillar of salt. Lot and his daughters took shelter in a cave. Assuming that the entire world was destroyed, Lot's daughter's intoxicated their father with wine, and seduced him – in order to repopulate the world. They each gave birth to a son – the antecedents of the Ammonite and Moabite nations. Avraham relocated to the Philistine city of Gerar. Avimelech, the king of the Philistines, took Sarah – who was presented as Avraham's sister – to his palace. G‑d afflicted the members of Avimelech's palace with a disease, and appeared to Avimelech in a dream warning him to return Sarah to her husband, Avraham. Avimelech obeyed, and also showered Avraham and Sarah with gifts, and he and his household were healed. Sarah conceived, and at the age of ninety gave birth to a son, who was named Isaac. Avraham circumcised Isaac when he was eight days old.

Avraham's having prayed on behalf of Avimelech for children is juxtaposed to Sarah conceiving. Our Sages teach us that selflessly praying for others can sometimes result in the same prayers being answered for yourself.

Daily Aliya for Vayeira, Shlishi (3rd Aliya)

Aliya Summary: The angels arrived in Sodom, and Lot invited them to his home to eat and rest. Word of Lot's guests spread throughout the city – a city that abhorred all acts of kindness – and the incensed residents of Sodom surrounded Lot' house, with intent to assault the guests. Lot refused the demands that he surrender his guests, and – as the Sodomites prepared to break down the door – the angels struck all those surrounding the house with blindness. The angels informed Lot of their mission, and encouraged him to flee. Lot, his wife, and two of his daughters were escorted out of the city to safety, and were warned not to look back as the city was being destroyed.

The word "and he lingered" is read with the rare cantillation mark (trup), the shalshellet, which musically emphasizes the reluctance of Lot to believe and to leave. In contrast, the same word is used in describing the haste with which the Children of Israel left Egypt at G-d's command, symbolized by the matzah which they hastily baked, rather than waiting for the dough to rise and produce a "proper " bread, thus demonstrating their faith and confidence in G-d. Just another example of the many hidden pearls of lessons in the Torah.

Daily Aliya for Vayeira, Sheni (2nd Aliya)

Aliya Summary: The angels departed, with Avraham escorting them on their journey. Their destination: the Sodom region; their mission: to destroy the five cities of the region, and rescue Lot (Avraham's nephew) and his family, who resided there. G‑d informed Avraham of His intention to destroy Sodom because of the great evil of its inhabitants. Avraham attempted to save the region, asking that it be spared if it contains fifty righteous people. When it was apparent that this was not the case, Avraham "bargains" with G‑d – eventually asking Him to spare Sodom even if there are only ten righteous individuals there, but even ten were not to be found.

When negotiating with G-d, Avraham's expression of humility before G-d is "and I am dust and ash". The Gemara says that because of Avraham's humility his children merited two mitzvot - the ash of the Para Aduma and the dust of the Sota. While the ashes remove the impurity of touching the dead, the (Sota) dust can create life (if proven innocent). Thus, Avraham's humility in dealing with G-d affects the full gamut of Jewish life and death, underscoring the importance of humility and respect.

Daily Aliya for Vayeira, Rishon (1st Aliya)

General Overview: In this week's Torah reading, Vayeira, angels visit Avraham and Sarah, informing them that Sarah would give birth to a child despite her advanced age. The angels whisk Lot and his daughters out of Sodom, and overturn and destroy the entire region. Avimelech, king of the Philistines, attempts to make Sarah part of his harem, but through divine intervention she is released unharmed. Isaac is born and Ishmael is expelled from Avraham's household. Avraham makes a peace treaty with Avimelech. The story of the "Binding of Isaac" is recounted – Isaac's "near-sacrifice" experience.

Aliya Summary: G‑d paid Avraham a visit (as he recovered from his Bris), as he sat at the entrance of his tent. Avraham suddenly noticed three travelers passing by, and ran to invite them into his home. These passersby, who were actually angels in human disguise, accepted the invitation, and Avraham and Sarah prepared a sumptuous feast for them. The angels informed Avraham that Sarah would give birth to a child exactly one year later. Eighty-nine-year-old, post-menopausal Sarah, who was standing nearby, heard this assurance, and laughed. G‑d was displeased with Sarah's lack of faith.

Daily Aliya for Lech Lecha, Shvii (7th Aliya)

Aliya Summary: G‑d sealed a covenant with Avraham and his descendants; the sign of the covenant is the circumcision of all males when they are eight days old. Sarai's name is changed to Sarah, and G‑d promises a delighted Abraham that he will father another son, this time from Sarah. At the age of 99, Abraham circumcised himself, his son Ishmael, and all the members of his household.

When Avraham finds out that he will have a son, Yitzchak, he laughs. Sarah laughed too, but her laughter was one of disbelief, while Avraham's was one of happiness. It's interesting to note that Yitzchak was named so because of Avraham's reaction, not Sarah's.

Daily Aliya for Lech Lecha, Shishi (6th Aliya)

Aliya Summary: Avram requested a sign from G‑d that his descendants would inherit the land of Canaan. G‑d responded in the famous "Covenant Between the Parts." Avram and the Divine Presence passed between an assortment of halved animals, and G‑d told Avram that his descendants would be exiled and in bondage for four hundred years. At the conclusion of this period, Avram's descendants would leave with great wealth, G‑d would punish the nations which enslaved them, and Avram's children would inherit the lands of Canaan. Following this pact, Sarai -- seeing that she and Avram were still childless -- suggested that Avram father a child with her Egyptian maid, Hagar. Hagar conceived and began to mistreat her mistress Sarai, who responded with a heavy hand, prompting Hagar to flee. Hagar encountered an angel who encouraged her to return to Sarai, promising her that the child she will bear will become a great nation. She obeyed, and gave birth to Ishmael. At the very end of this section, G‑d added the letter hey to Avram's name, making it "Avraham."

This Aliya features classic struggles. Sara struggles with her shortcoming when her handmaid, Hagar, gives birth before her, and drives Hagar to flee (and return at the behest of G-d). Avraham struggles with is feelings of inadequacy when he finds out that he's not perfect in G-d's eyes because he isn't circumcised (he fixes that right away). It's very telling that Avraham gets his name "improved" before Sara does, probably as a subtle lesson to Sara for not dealing with her issues appropriately.

Daily Aliya for Lech Lecha, Chamishi (5th Aliya)

Aliya Summary: Avram rebuffed the king of Sodom's wish to award him with all the war's spoils. When G‑d reassured Avram that he would be greatly rewarded for his righteousness, Avram broaches his childlessness. "What is the point of all the reward and wealth," Avram cried, "if I have no heir to inherit it?!" G‑d assured Avram that he will indeed have a child, and promised that Avram's descendants will be as numerous as the stars of the heaven.

Why did Avraham refuse to accept anything from the king of Sodom, but he became very wealthy from that which he accepted from Paroh? Commentaries say that Avraham was setting the stage for the fulfillment of G-d's promise to the descendants of Avraham, that they would leave the country of their exile and oppression with great wealth. Hence, there was a purpose to accept the gifts from Paroh, and no reason to accept those of the king of Sodom (and therefore be obligated to him on any level).

Daily Aliya for Lech Lecha, Revii (4th Aliya)

Aliya Summary: The southern region of Canaan was embroiled in a major war involving many kings. When the dust settled, the victorious kings took captive all the inhabitants of the Sodom region -- Lot included. When Avram was informed of Lot's plight he rushed to the rescue along with a handful of men, engaged the victorious kings in battle, soundly defeated them, released all the captives and returned all the spoils.

Some ironic mentions: 1) One of the four winning kings was Shem, one of Noach's sons; 2) Another one of the four winning kings was Nimrod, who had thrown Avram into the fire to prove that he was a man of G-d; 3) Avram was informed of Lot's plight by Og, who Medrash says was the only person outside the ark to have survived the flood by hanging on to it (symbolic of his regret for any wrong-doings?) ; 4) The main battle took place in Ein Mishpat, so named because it was where Moshe and Aaron would be judged for hitting the rock when the Jews needed water. Is there a connection between Og's actions? What was it about Ein Mishpak that so many things happened around it? These are not coincidences, but many of the mysteries of these people, places and events are still unknown to us. Still, we do know that there's a reason for all of it, which should help us perform to those laws that we don't (yet) understand.

Daily Aliya for Lech Lecha, Shlishi (3rd Aliya)

Aliya Summary: Lot, who had accompanied Avram and Sarai, was independently wealthy. When Lot's shepherds quarreled with Avram's shepherds, the two parted ways, with Lot settling in the province of Sodom, which was renowned for its evil inhabitants. After Lot departed, G‑d spoke to Avram again, reiterating His promise to bequeath the land to his descendants, and promising to make his descendants numerous as the soil of the earth.

One commentary says that although Avraham knew that his spirituality was compromised by Lot's presence, he nonetheless did not chase Lot away until he had no choice. Avraham felt a moral obligation to take care of Lot (including saving him after they parted) even though he knew that G-d was "keeping His distance" with Lot around. Is hospitality more important than receiving the Divine Presence? It seems that way.

Daily Aliya for Lech Lecha, Sheni (2nd Aliya)

Aliya Summary: Because of her beauty, Sarai was taken captive and brought to Pharaoh. G‑d struck the members of Pharaoh's palace with a plague, causing Pharaoh to hastily release Sarai. Pharaoh loaded Avram and Sarai with gifts and riches, and had them escorted out of his land. Avram returned triumphantly to Canaan.

In the same Aliya, Avram is tested by both poverty and wealth. When he was poor, he hid his only asset (Sarai) so that others aren't tempted, which is perhaps why he was worthy to gain other assets. It's a short yet powerful lesson to those seeking to gain assets and wealth.

Daily Aliya for Lech Lecha, Rishon (1st Aliya)

General Overview: Avram and Sarai travel to Canaan. Due to a famine in the land they temporarily relocate to Egypt, where Pharaoh unsuccessfully attempts to add Sarai to his harem. They return to Canaan with great wealth and Avram parts with his nephew Lot. Avram defeats the armies of the four kings who had taken his nephew Lot hostage. G‑d seals a pact with Avram, bequeathing the lands of Canaan to his descendants. Childless Avram marries Hagar and she gives birth to Ishmael. G‑d changes Avram's name to Avraham, and Sarai becomes Sarah. Avraham is circumcised at the age of 99.

Aliya Summary: G‑d commanded Avram to leave his father's house and homeland, and travel to the land that He will show him. As reward for doing so, G‑d promised to make Avram the patriarch of a great nation. Avram obeyed, taking along his wife Sarai and his nephew Lot. Once Avram arrived in Canaan, G‑d informed him that He will eventually give that land to his descendants. Avram traverses the length of the land until a famine forces him to travel to Egypt. Fearing that the Egyptians would kill him in order to take Sarai, Avram asked her to allege that he was her brother.

Daily Aliya for Noach, Shvii (7th Aliya)

Aliya Summary: This Aliya recounts the story of the Tower of Babel. Noach's descendants gathered in the Babylonian valley and started building a tower, in an attempt to reach the heavens and battle G‑d. G‑d disrupted their "plan" by causing them each to speak a different language, thus destroying their communications. This caused them to disperse and settle in different lands. The Torah then lists the ten generations of Shem's descendants. The tenth generation is Abram (later to be known as Abraham), who married Sarai (later to be known as Sarah).

Commentaries contrast the two sinful generations in this Parsha. Dor HaMabul (floor generation) was destroyed because their sins included the destruction of society by total disregard of a person for his fellow. Dor HaPlaga (tower generation) sinned against G-d alone, not against each other. In both cases, the basic tenets of creation were ignored, and it documented for us to learn from.

Daily Aliya for Noach, Shishi (6th Aliya)

Aliya Summary: Noach planted a vineyard, made wine, became drunk and fell into a deep drunken slumber -- while naked. Noach's son, Cham, saw his father naked, assaulted him, and informed his two brothers of their father's state. The brothers, Shem and Yafet, modestly approached their father and covered him. When Noach awakened, he cursed Cham's son, Canaan, and blessed Shem and Yafet. This section then names Noach's seventy grandsons and great-grandsons, the antecedents of the "seventy nations," and their adopted homelands.

There are at least five different periods during which nature did not behave as we know it today:
(1) The "time" before this world - previous worlds, assuming they existed, did not necessarily have the same laws of nature; (2) the indeterminable time of B'reishit - G-d's act of Creation of something from nothing; (3) the Six Days of Creation, during which G-d commanded things to happen, no doubt in very different ways from the nature He also created; (4) the first 1656 years of this world, throughout the ten generations from Adam to Noach, when the laws of nature also seem to differ from what we experience today, (5) the "year" of the Flood. These "lapses" in the Rules of Nature can explain a variety of scientific issues related to time and the age of the earth... and everything in it.

Daily Aliya for Noach, Chamishi (5th Aliya)

Aliya Summary: G‑d told Noach that he is establishing a covenant to never again bring a flood to destroy the world. G‑d designated the rainbow as the sign of this covenant: "And it shall come to pass, when I cause clouds to come upon the earth, that the rainbow will appear in the cloud. And I will remember My covenant..."

Although rainbows can be explained by science, there's something so mercurial about them, and that lends itself to help bridge an understanding between G-d and all "flesh", as the Torah describes it. It's not something abstract, requires no understanding, it just needs to be seen to be understood. It's a fickle combination of colors, designed to make us stop what we're doing, look up, and hopefully remember a covenant that G-d made with us. Of course if G-d wanted to get rid of us there are many other ways, but the point is that we have an unbreakable bond with Him, and the gentle rainbow is meant to remind us of that, so we stop what we're doing, look up high, and hopefully start thinking even higher.

Daily Aliya for Noach, Revii (4th Aliya)

Aliya Summary: G‑d commanded Noach to leave the teivah, along with all his fellow teivah-mates. Noach built an altar and offered sacrifices. This pleased G‑d, who then promised to never again curse the earth as He had just done. Instead, the regular seasons (which had not functioned during the year of the mabul) would continue perpetually. G‑d then blessed Noach and his sons: "Be fruitful and multiply, and fill the earth." G‑d allowed mankind to eat meat, but prohibited murder, suicide, and the consumption of a limb ripped from a living animal.

What changed? Now that G-d enacted a "do-over", the changes are that there will now be seasons, basic laws must be followed, and man must procreate. The theme? Structure. Without rules and structure everything falls apart, and seasons and basic laws help facilitate a natural order of things. And having kids? Not only is having children a structured event, but raising them requires even more structure and discipline. Only after we work out our own issues by dealing with seasons and laws, we can then continue to bring new life to the world.

Daily Aliya for Noach, Shlishi (3rd Aliya)

Aliya Summary: The torrential rains lasted for forty days and nights. The waters rose to great heights and covered even the highest mountains, killing all humans and animals; everything died aside for Noach and the other occupants of the teivah. After the waters raged on the earth another 150 days, G‑d caused the waters to subside. The teivah eventually rested on the Ararat Mountains, and shortly thereafter the mountain peaks came into view. Noach opened the window of the teivah and dispatched birds to see whether it was time to leave the teivah. First he sent a raven, which refused to execute its mission and just circled the ark. He then sent out a dove. On its second attempt the dove went and did not return, signaling that the earth was once again habitable. After one full year in the teivah, the earth had dried.

Commentators explain that G-d's anger subsided and turned into mercy because of Noach's prayers. Apparently, prayer has a soothing effect on G-d, something not overlooked by future traditions, but this could have been the seed and blueprint for the prayers that have evolved since.

Daily Aliya for Noach, Sheni (2nd Aliya)

Aliya Summary: Of kosher animals and birds, Noach was commanded to take seven pairs of each species (as opposed to one pair of all other species). Noach, his family, and the required animals boarded the teivah and the mabul began: "The springs of the great depths burst forth and the windows of the heavens opened."

The Talmud (in Pesachim) points to G-d's instructions to take "Animals that are Tahor (i.e. Kosher) and those that are not Tahor", as a lesson in speaking with a "clean" language, i.e. not vulgar. The Torah could have used the word TAMEI (unclean) but chose a longer periphrasis to use more pleasant terms. Commentaries ask, if this is so, how come the Torah uses the word TAMEI in many other contexts. The answer is, that when the Torah is setting down Mitzva and Halacha, it must use straightforward terms to avoid any possible confusion. When recounting a story (and for us, whenever possible) it is preferable to use more polite language.

Daily Aliya for Noach, Rishon (1st Aliya)

General Overview: In this week's reading, Noach, Noach and his family, along with at least one pair of each living creature, survive the Flood by taking refuge in an Ark. The erection of the Tower of Babel angers G‑d, and leads to the dispersal of Noach's descendants. Abraham and Sarah are born.

Aliya Summary: While society as a whole descended into a state of anarchy and utter corruption, only Noach remained righteous and faithful to G‑d's ways. Noach was informed by G‑d that a mabul ("flood") will soon destroy all of civilization, and only Noach and his immediate family would survive in a teivah ("ark," boat) that he was to build. G‑d gave Noach the exact dimensions of the teivah he was to build, and commanded Noach to bring along into the teivah specimens of every species of animal and bird to repopulate the world after the mabul, and to stock the boat with food to feed all its inhabitants.

Daily Aliya for Bereishit, Shvii (7th Aliya)

Aliya Summary: The next three generations are chronicled in this Aliya -- concluding with Noach, the tenth generation from Adam. At this point in time, the wickedness and immorality of the people on earth reached such proportions that G‑d regretted creating man. G‑d gave the world 120 years to clean up their act or be destroyed. Noach, on the other hand, was an exception. He was righteous and found favor in G‑d's eyes.

The Midrash Rabah records the following important story/lesson: A gentile asked Rabbi Joshua ben Korchah, “Do you not admit that the Holy One, blessed be He, foresees the future?” Rabbi Joshua replied to him, “Yes.” He retorted, “But it is written: and He became grieved in His heart!” Rabbi Joshua replied, “Was a son ever born to you?” “Yes,” the gentile replied. “And what did you do?” Rabbi Joshua asked. He replied, “I rejoiced and made everyone rejoice.” “But did you not know that he was destined to die?” he asked. The gentile replied, “At the time of joy, joy; at the time of mourning, mourning.” Rabbi Joshua said to him, “So is it with the work of the Holy One, blessed be He; even though it was revealed before Him that they would ultimately sin, and He would destroy them, He did not refrain from creating them, for the sake of the righteous men who were destined to arise from them.”

Daily Aliya for Bereishit, Shishi (6th Aliya)

Aliya Summary: Lemech accidentally killed his great-great-great-great-grandfather Cain in a hunting accident; the blood of Abel was finally avenged. Adam and Eve gave birth to a third son, Shet. This Aliya then chronicles the first seven generations of mankind, from Adam to the righteous Enoch.

Lemech's wives knew of the impending flood, and that almost everyone would be killed, and therefore stopped having kids. Lemech complained about them to Adam, and Adam argued that "You perform your commandments, and He will do His", meaning that we do what we're supposed to do, and let G-d deal with the consequences. The wives countered that Adam should take his own advice, to which he stood corrected, and proceeded to have Shet, of whom Noach was a descendant, who did survive the flood, and who led the new world!

Daily Aliya for Bereishit, Chamishi (5th Aliya)

Aliya Summary: The sixth generation descendant of Cain was Lemech, who fathered several children -- seventh generation descendants of Cain.

This Aliya contains the story of Lemech, the great-great-great-grandson of Kayin and his accidental killer, Lemech's two wives Ada and Tzila. The Torah mentions more descendants of Kayin and their roles as the "firsts" in various fields of human activity. This portion also contains Lemech's lament for having killed Kayin.

Daily Aliya for Bereishit, Revii (4th Aliya)

Aliya Summary: Adam and Eve were then expelled from the idyllic Garden of Eden. Eve gave birth to two sons, Cain and Abel. When Abel's offering to G‑d was accepted, while Cain's was rejected, Cain murdered his brother in a jealous rage. G‑d punished Cain, designating him to be a lifelong wanderer, but postponing his ultimate punishment for seven generations.

It may be no coincidence that as soon as Adam lost his innocence by eating from the Tree of Knowledge, he had children, who are born with that same initial innocence. As children are raised, their parents try to shelter their innocence by protecting them from the harsh realities of life and the world around them. In a way, we all try to get back to the bliss of the Garden. In a world filled with information on demand, we often forget that in reality we should always have a filter in place - not everything is meant for us to see and understand. We must know our place, our role, our limitations.

Daily Aliya for Bereishit, Shlishi (3rd Aliya)

Aliya Summary: G‑d caused Adam to fall into a deep slumber and formed a woman, Eve, from one of his sides. Adam was delighted with his new mate. The serpent, at the time the wisest of all animals, sweet-talked Eve into eating from the fruit of the forbidden Tree of Knowledge. Eve shared the fruit with Adam, and imbued with a new sense of knowledge and awareness, they were ashamed of their nakedness and clothed themselves. The fallout was quick to come: G‑d cursed the serpent, Eve, and Adam too, with various maledictions.

Why did G-d have to make Adam fall asleep to give him Eve? The Gemara explains that had Adam seen where Eve came from, she would have been repulsive to him. The question is what would have been so repulsive. Is it because he is no longer whole, and requires a partner to be complete? Is it because he understood that the process of courtship would be difficult for some, impossible for others? Was it because the process would create so much heartbreak in the world? All because he wanted an external partner? Interesting points to ponder.

Daily Aliya for Bereishit, Sheni (2nd Aliya)

Aliya Summary: This section discusses the events of the sixth day of creation in greater detail. After Adam was formed from the earth, G‑d placed him in a garden just east of Eden. G‑d permitted Adam to eat from any tree in the garden, with the exception of the Tree of Knowledge. Adam named all the animals and birds, and G‑d decided that Adam needed a mate.

In the first account of Creation, Man was the final act of Creation, but not so much the purpose and focus of creation. In this second account, Man seems to be the focus of creation. We have to see things both ways. The accounts of Creation are very cryptic. Why have them at all? Perhaps it is to challenge each of us to understand some tiny point in this whole grand portion of the Torah that can make our existence more meaningful.

Daily Aliya for Bereishit, Rishon (1st Aliya)

General Overview: In the Torah's opening reading, Bereishit, G‑d creates the world in six days and rests on the seventh. Adam and Eve eat from the Tree of Knowledge and are expelled from the Garden of Eden. Cain slays Abel and is punished accordingly. Enumeration of the ten generations between Adam and Noach, the birth of Noach, and the degeneration of mankind.

Aliya Summary: This Aliya recounts the story of creation in six days. On the first day G‑d made darkness and light. On the second day He formed the heavens, dividing the "upper waters" from the "lower waters." On the third day He set the boundaries of land and sea and called forth trees and greenery from the earth. On the fourth day He fixed the position of the sun, moon and stars. Fish, birds and reptiles were created on the fifth day; land-animals, and then the human being, Adam, on the sixth. G‑d ceased work on the seventh day, and sanctified it as a day of rest.

Daily Aliya for Haazinu, Shvii (7th Aliya)

Aliya Summary: Moshe and Joshua teach this song to the Israelites. Moshe implores the people: "Pay close attention to this: it isn't an empty teaching; it is our life, and with it we will long endure on our land." G‑d then tells Moshe to climb up Mount Nevo, from where he will view the land of Israel from afar before he passes away.

Only if we make the Torah our life will we be worthy of occupying the land which G-d gave us. It's not a right, it's a privilege we need to constantly earn.

Daily Aliya for Haazinu, Shishi (6th Aliya)

Aliya Summary: Then G‑d will turn His wrath against Israel's oppressors. "I will make My arrows drunk with their blood, My sword will consume their flesh." At that time, when G‑d will avenge the blood of His servants, the nations of the world will sing the praises of Israel. With this, the song of Ha'azinu concludes.

The Parsha until this point is written (in a Torah scroll) in an unusual manner. This is a Tradition passed down through the generations from scribe to scribe. The only other portion of the Torah to be written differently from the rest of the Torah (and different from Haazinu as well) is the Song of the Sea in B'shalach.

Daily Aliya for Haazinu, Chamishi (5th Aliya)

Aliya Summary: If the nations were wise they would have understood that no nation could experience such utter devastation unless G‑d had completely abandoned them and delivered them to their enemies. Otherwise, "How can one enemy pursue a thousand of Israel and two put ten thousand to flight?" Rather, the Israelites' misery came as a result of their actions, which resembled those of Sodom and Gomorrah, actions which G‑d chronicled from the start. However, the time will then come when G‑d will have a change of heart regarding His people. At that point He will ask them to note that all the gods which they had patronized were unable to help them when He unleashed His punishments against them, for only G‑d has the ability to injure or heal, cause death or bring life.

Our challenge is to contemplate the above and understand the many lessons contained in G-d's (and Moshe's) words. The bottom line is that although Israel strays from the proper path, G-d will not abandon us, and He will rally to our side in the face of our enemies, if we would only realize this and appreciate the awesome power of G-d.

Daily Aliya for Haazinu, Revii (4th Aliya)

Aliya Summary: G‑d became incensed by His children's behavior. He decided to hide His face from them, and to send upon them invading armies, wild beasts, plagues, demons, and famine. If not for the obtuse nations who would have foolishly taken credit for Israel's demise, G‑d would've utterly destroyed the Jewish nation.

The Gemara, in a play on words, tells us that the concept of Hester Panim (hiding G-d's face) is personified in Esther (Hester/Esther), who lived in exile and at a time that G-d chose not to reveal himself in open ways and generally operates through nature.

Daily Aliya for Haazinu, Shlishi (3rd Aliya)

Aliya Summary: Moshe then speaks of the Israelites' future. G‑d settled them in the Land of Israel, the "peak of the earth." He provided them with their every need, the choicest produce, fruit and cattle. But Israel "became fat and rebelled," and abandoned the G‑d that made them and provided them with all their wealth and fortune. Instead they strayed after idols and abominable activities.

Even from this poetic - essentially non-halachic context, we learn things of a halachic nature. Because the Torah uses the expression: To suckle honey from a rock, we are taught that honey has the status in halacha of a liquid. Because of its unique physical proper ties, honey might have been considered as a solid food rather than a drink.

Daily Aliya for Haazinu, Sheni (2nd Aliya)

Aliya Summary: Moshe beseeches the Israelites to contemplate their history, starting with the generation of the Tower of Babylon. When that generation sinned, G‑d could have destroyed humanity, but instead chose to spare them, only because of Israel -- G‑d's portion -- which was destined to arise from those people. In the desert, in a "desolate, howling wasteland," G‑d enveloped and protected the Israelites with clouds, caring for His nation as an eagle tenderly cares for his offspring, treating them like the pupil of His eye. "G‑d alone guided them, and no other god was able to disturb them."

Rashi mentions several ways that eagles be have towards their offspring for their benefit. Apparently, eagles are extremely protective, and they do many things meant to prepare their fledglings for their adult lives, as well. The Torah's analogy is thus very appropriate.

Daily Aliya for Haazinu, Rishon (1st Aliya)

General Overview: The bulk of this week's Torah reading, Ha'azinu, consists of a poetic song delivered by Moses and Joshua. The song is a prophecy of what will transpire to the Jews – the good and the bad – until the end of times. The portion concludes with G‑d commanding Moshe to climb Mount Nevo, from where he would see the Promised Land before his passing.

Aliya Summary: The heavens and earth, permanent fixtures of this world, are called upon to be witnesses to the words which Moshe will now say. The Torah, Moshe declares, is life to this world, much as rain and dew are to vegetation. G‑d is righteous and just, and all corruption stems from His children, who are thankless and lack the wisdom to recognize the source of all their blessing.

Daily Aliya for Nitzavim-Vayelech, Shvii (7th Aliya)

Aliya Summary: Because, G-d explains, I am bringing the people to a Land flowing with milk & honey, the People will eat in contentment and turn from G-d. The Torah, however, will not be completely forgotten from the lips (and hearts) of future generations. Moshe wrote the Torah on that day (Rambam says that he wrote 13 Torahs - one for each tribe and one in the care of the Kohanim/Leviim) and taught it to the People. G-d "commanded" Yehoshua to be strong and courageous in his new role as leader. Moshe completed the writing of the Torah. (Some say that Moshe even wrote the final 8 p'sukim of the Torah, which discuss his death.) Moshe commands the Leviim to take the Torah and place it at the side of the Aron.

Daily Aliya for Nitzavim-Vayelech, Shishi (6th Aliya)

Aliya Summary: G‑d commanded Moshe to enter the Tabernacle together with Joshua. G‑d appeared to them both and informed them that a time will come when the Israelites will abandon G‑d and stray after alien gods. At that time, G‑d will hide His countenance from the nation, and they will be subjected to much evils and troubles. Therefore, G‑d says, "Write for yourselves this song, and teach it to the Children of Israel. Place it into their mouths, in order that this song will be for Me as a witness..." This 'song' is narrated in next week's Torah reading.

We are commanded to write "The Song" (namely the whole Torah), to teach it to the people, so that it should serve as a testament among the People of Israel. This is mitzva #613, to write a Sefer Torah. Our Sages include in this mitzva the significance of acquiring books from which to learn Torah. Since the Torah itself specifies that the "purpose" of writing a Torah scroll is to learn and teach from it, then writing, buying, acquiring all learning texts would be in the spirit of this mitzva.

Daily Aliya for Nitzavim-Vayelech, Chamishi (5th Aliya)

Aliya Summary: Moshe summoned Joshua and told him to be strong and courageous, for G‑d will be going before him and will not forsake him. Moshe then wrote the entire Torah and gave it to the Kohnaim (priests) and the Israelite elders. Moshe gives the commandment of Hakhel (assembly), whereby every seven years, during the holiday of Sukkot which follows the Sabbatical year, all men, women, and children assemble and the king publicly reads sections of the Torah.

As the new leader of the Jews, Joshua gets the perfect advice from Moshe, a line that many use today: "Be strong and courageous" (Chazak V'ematz). Be steadfast and strong with your morals, ideals and behavior, and be courageous in your faith in G-d and the future. Present and future both addressed, and a forward-looking encouragement, where the fact that it's forward looking is just as important as the encouragement itself, both to Joshua and to us today and every day.

Daily Aliya for Nitzavim-Vayelech, Revii (4th Aliya)

Aliya Summary: Moshe told the Jewish people that they have been given free choice to choose between good and evil, life and death. Their choice will determine whether they are the beneficiaries of G‑d's blessings or curses. Moshe implored the Israelites to choose life. Moshe informed the people that he is 120 years of age on that day, and he is not permitted to cross the Jordan River together with them. Instead, Joshua will lead them, and G‑d will go before them and destroy their enemies. Moshe enjoined the Israelites to be strong and not fear their enemies.

From ou.org: The concept of Free Will is beautifully expressed in the concluding Aliya of Nitzavim. It marks the difference between human beings and all other creations. The sun and the moon "fulfill" G-d's commands without conscious decisions. A bee doesn't think things out and decide to pollinate a flower. Nor does a lion attacking a weak zebra evaluate the morality of his act. Only humans have the choice to do good or evil. G-d recommends and pleads with us to choose Life and Good, but He leaves the choice to us. That is why we are accountable for our actions; and that is why we stand before G-d in judgment on Rosh Hashana, while animals do not.

Daily Aliya for Nitzavim-Vayelech, Shlishi (3rd Aliya)

Aliya Summary: When G‑d gathers His people's exiles, the Israelites will once again serve G‑d, and will be blessed with abundance in the work of their hands, the fruit of their wombs, the fruit of their land, and the fruit of their livestock. Moshe enjoined the people to follow the mitzvot, informing them that "it is not beyond you nor is it remote from you. It is not in heaven... It is not across the sea.... Rather, it is very close to you, in your mouth, in your heart, that you may do it."

The last three words of the portion are very instructive. Thoughts, words, deeds. Teshuva, repentance, certainly contains all three elements. One must act repentant, by stopping to do the particular sin and by doing the mitzva. He must sincerely regret having done wrong and accept the proper path for his future. This is in the realm of thought. And Verbal confession to G-d is an essential ingredient of the T'shuva process. So too, one can see that many mitzvot - the whole Torah, really, is kept with words, thoughts, and deeds. This isn't really an either-or situation. The Aliya can apply both to the general and the specific.

Daily Aliya for Nitzavim-Vayelech, Sheni (2nd Aliya)

Aliya Summary: Moshe informed the Israelites what will occur after they are exiled from their land due to their sins. Eventually they will wholeheartedly return to G‑d, and G‑d will gather them from the furthest reaches of the heavens and return them to the land of their forefathers. At that point, Moshe says, "G‑d will 'circumcise' your heart and the heart of your offspring, so that you may love the L-rd your G‑d with all your heart and with all your soul."

There's another way we can look at things here: Teshuva is a gift from G-d. He doesn't have to command it, He just has to let it be possible, and we should jump at the opportunity. The Torah doesn't have to tell us to repent, just how to do it. Yet Vidui, verbal confession, is a positive commandment. That means that doing something good for ourselves (eliminating harmful behavior) is not only good for us inherently, but also earns us double points (could this be the origin??).

Daily Aliya for Nitzavim-Vayelech, Rishon (1st Aliya)

General Overview: In this week's reading, Nitzavim-Vayelech, Moshe gathers the Israelites on the day of his passing to enter them into a covenant with G‑d. He warns of the exile and desolation of the Land that will result when Israel abandons G‑d's laws, but assures them that they will eventually repent, and G‑d will then return His people to the Holy Land. This Parsha also talks about freedom of choice and the mitzvah of teshuva (repentance). Moshe transferred leadership to Joshua and wrote a Torah scroll which he handed over to the Levites. Moshe commanded the Israelites to gather following every Sabbatical year.

Aliya Summary: On the final day of his earthly life, Moshe gathered all the Israelites -- men, women, and children -- to enter them into a covenant with G‑d, establishing the Israelites as G‑d's exclusive nation. Moshe warned the Israelites not to be tempted by the idolatrous lifestyles of the Egyptians and the other sundry nations through which they had passed in the course of their travels. Moshe warned of the dire consequences which will befall the individual, family, or tribe, which would forsake their covenant with G‑d. This section concludes with the concept of communal responsibility for not appropriately punishing individual sinners.

Daily Aliya for Ki Tavo, Shvii (7th Aliya)

Aliya Summary: Moshe reminds the Jews of all the miracles which have been their lot from when G‑d took them out of Egypt until that very day. He concludes by saying that it is therefore incumbent upon them to follow G‑d's covenant.

Daily Aliya for Ki Tavo, Shishi (6th Aliya)

Aliya Summary: This Aliya continues with the aforementioned blessings, and then launches a lengthy description of all the maledictions and suffering which will befall the Jews when they neglect the mitzvot.

"But, if we don't listen to G-d..." Thus begins the "Tochacha". The admonition against disobedience of Torah. There is a custom of reading this part in a low voice because of how devastating it is to realize that G-d needs to warn us in such graphic terms, what will happen if the Jewish People do not remain faithful to Him. Regrettably, we need these harsh words of reproach. Unfortunately, they have turned out to be prophetic more than once. The Tochacha is contained within one Aliya (resulting in the longest Aliya in the Torah) so as not to prolong the discomfort in hearing it.

Daily Aliya for Ki Tavo, Chamishi (5th Aliya)

Aliya Summary: The Jewish people are instructed to proclaim blessings and curses on Mts. Grizzim and Ebal. The elders of the Levite Tribe together with the Holy Ark stood between the two mountains, and six tribes were stationed atop each mountain. The Leviim and priests faced each mountain alternately, and stated the blessing and curses. At the end of the Aliya, we are told of the bountiful blessings which will shower us if we hearken to G‑d's commandments.

The setup for this entire exercise is curious: The fact that mountains represent blessings and curses is strange enough, but to have the tribes stand on one of the mountains is even stranger. If the mountains represent distinct and mutually exclusive choices we make in our lives, then why have (seemingly) random tribes stand on each of them? This requires much more research, but what strikes me in all of this is the similarity to many motivational speakers who make you visualize and verbalize your dreams and goals. It's one thing to study, talk and imagine something, and quite another to be actively involved in it, probably why schools use this method to teach children about important concepts. Standing on these mountains makes it more real and mandates participation. This might explain the importance of Shul, regardless of actual participation in the davening (service), much like the tribes standing on the mountain and answering "Amen", their attendance (and ours in Shul) does more than we may know or realize.

Daily Aliya for Ki Tavo, Revii (4th Aliya)

Aliya Summary: The Jews are instructed to gather large stones when they cross the Jordan River. These stones were to be plastered, and the entire Torah was to be engraved upon them. Another set of stones was also to be inscribed with the entire Torah, and be set on Mt. Ebal.

Moshe, the kohanim and Leviim, say to all the people, "on this very day you have become G-d's nation". Rashi says that the Torah emphasized "this very day" to teach us that our commitment to Torah and mitzvot should be as if we have entered into a covenant with G-d on this very day - everyday. We are challenged to refreshen our Judaism constantly.

Daily Aliya for Ki Tavo, Shlishi (3rd Aliya)

Aliya Summary: Moshe admonishes the Jews to observe G‑d's commandments; reminding them that they have selected Him to be their god, and He, in turn, has chosen them to be His holy and treasured nation.

To follow in G-d's footsteps means to develop and practice various traits that are attributed to G-d. As He is called merciful, so too shall we be merciful. As He is called holy, so too must we behave in ways that lead to our becoming holy. From general traits, we can also use specific examples - as G-d clothes the naked, visits the sick, buries the dead, comforts the grieving... so too must we do those kinds of things.

Daily Aliya for Ki Tavo Sheni (2nd Aliya)

Aliya Summary: During Temple times, Jewish farmers were required to separate from their produce several different tithes. These were distributed to the priests, the Levites, the poor, and one tithe which was eaten by its owners in Jerusalem. The different tithes were not all given each year, rather there was a three-year cycle. In this Aliya, the Torah gives the procedure to be followed on the day before Passover during those years which followed the conclusion of a cycle. The farmer was to declare that he has performed all his tithing duties and then beseeches G‑d to bless His people and the Land.

The Passuk says: "I have not transgressed Your mitzvot, and I have not forgotten..." Says the Sfat Emet - I have not forgotten that You are the One Who has commanded me to do the mitzvot. Furthermore, the statement implies that the individual did only that which he was required to do, and did not (often) go beyond the call of duty. Or perhaps we did a mitzva sort of like it is supposed to be done, but maybe without full intent (i.e. prayers). This is an important message as we approach Rosh HaShana, when we have to answer for what - and how - we do mitzvot.