Daily Aliya for Bo, Shlishi (3rd Aliya)

Aliya Summary: Pharaoh summoned Moshe again, offering to release the Israelites if they leave behind their cattle. Moshe refused the condition. Pharaoh sent Moshe away, warning him to never appear in his presence again, "for on the day that you see my face, you shall die!" Moshe agreed, but not before he delivered a final message that G‑d relayed to him at that moment. G‑d told Moshe that he would visit one more plague upon Egypt, after which Pharaoh will actually drive the Israelites from his land. Parenthetically, at that time G‑d also instructed Moshe to ask the Israelites to borrow from their Egyptian neighbors jewels, silver and gold. The Israelites complied, and the Egyptians readily lent out their valuables.

Moshe's words to Paroh are: "We will also take our animals with us, for from them we will take to serve G-d." The plain understanding of the passuk is that Moshe was referring to sacrifices. The Malbim has another beautiful interpretation of Moshe's statement to Paroh. "From the animals we will take lessons in how to serve G-d - from the cat we will learn modesty, from the doves fidelity, from the ants industry and honesty, etc." Had we not received the Torah, which teaches us proper conduct, we would learn these lessons from our animals (and even with the Torah to teach us, we can see practical examples of its lessons in nature.)

Daily Aliya for Bo, Sheni (2nd Aliya)

Aliya Summary: Moshe stretched out his hands and swarms of locusts swept down on Egypt. They consumed absolutely every blade of grass and all the crops. Pharaoh beseeched Moshe to pray to G‑d for the removal of the locusts, promising to then release the Israelites. Moshe prayed, and no sooner than a wind carried the locusts back to the Red Sea and Pharaoh changed his mind yet again. Plague Nine: A frightful darkness descended upon Egypt. For days, the entire nation was incapacitated by the debilitating pitch darkness. "But for all the children of Israel there was light in their dwellings."

"Man did not see his fellow, nor did a person rise from his place..." The Chidushei HaRim writes that this is a description of the worse kind of darkness in human life, when a person does not see the suffering of his fellow. Not only does he not extend his hand to help the other, but the ultimate result is the inability of the individual to even help himself. The opposite must be true as well, then. Seeing the suffering of others is the ultimate "light at the end of the tunnel", both for the sufferer, and for their "fellows."

Daily Aliya for Bo, Rishon (1st Aliya)

General Overview: In this week's Parsha, Bo, the last three plagues – Locust, Darkness, and Death of the Firstborn – are inflicted upon the Egyptians. Moshe commands the Israelites concerning the Paschal Offering and the laws of the seder. After the final plague, Pharaoh unconditionally releases the Israelites from his land.

Aliya Summary: Plague Eight: At G‑d's behest, Moshe and Aaron went to Pharaoh and delivered a warning: "How long will you refuse to humble yourself before me? Let My people go so that they can worship me!" They informed Pharaoh that if he does not allow the Israelites to go, Egypt will be attacked by a plague of locust. After Moshe and Aaron left, Pharaoh's servants begged him to allow the Israelites to leave. "Don't you yet know that Egypt is lost?" they argued. Pharaoh called back Moshe and Aaron and offered to allow the Israelites to leave—provided that they leave behind their children as security. Moshe and Aaron refused the offer, and Pharaoh stubbornly refused to allow the Israelites to go.

Daily Aliya for Vaeira, Shvii (7th Aliya)

Aliya Summary: Plague Seven: Moshe warned Pharaoh that a catastrophic hail would descend upon the land. Man or beast that would remain in the field would be killed by the hailstones. Moshe stretched his rod toward heaven and hail poured down—with fire blazing inside the icy hail. Aside for damage to humans and animal, the hail destroyed all vegetation and trees. Pharaoh summoned Moshe and Aaron. "I have sinned this time," he declared. "The Lord is the righteous One, and I and my people are the guilty ones. Entreat the Lord, and let it be enough of God's thunder and hail, and I will let you go..." Moshe prayed. The hail stopped. And Pharaoh changed his mind yet again.

When Moshe tells Par'o that the plague of Hail will end, he says that the thunder will stop and the hail will no longer be. The terminology implies that the thunder will temporarily stop but the hail will completely end. And so it was, points out the Baal HaTurim, the hail did in fact cease, but the thunder returned to accompany the awe-inspiring events of the Sinai Experience.

Daily Aliya for Vaeira, Shishi (6th Aliya)

Aliya Summary: The mixture of wild beasts descended upon Egypt, destroying the entire land with the exception of Goshen. Pharaoh called Moshe and Aaron and offered to allow the Israelites freedom to serve G‑d whilst still in Egypt. When Moshe rejected this offer, Pharaoh capitulated and offered to release the Israelites if only the plague came to an end. Moshe prayed, the plague ended, and Pharaoh reneged on his promise again. Plague Five: all the Egyptians' cattle suddenly died; none of the Israelites' animals were affected. Plague Six: Moshe and Aaron took handfuls of furnace soot and threw them heavenward. The soot descended, covered the entire Egypt, infecting all its inhabitants with painful boils. G‑d sent Moshe to Pharaoh with a message: Just as G‑d wiped out all the Egyptian cattle, He could have easily slain Pharaoh and all his people too. "But, for this [reason] I have allowed you to survive, in order to show you My strength and to declare My name all over the earth!"

In warning about hail, G-d says (through Moshe) that this time, I will send ALL my plagues... The Vilna Ga'on explains that G-d uses three main weapons, so to speak, to punish those who violate His commands: Fire, Water, and Wind. For example, to destroy the Generation of the Flood, G-d used Water. To disperse Dor HaP'laga, He used Wind, and to destroy S'dom, His main weapon was Fire. The plague of Blood, for example, used Water. Hail consisted of the whole arsenal - the Hail itself was Water, it had Fire in it, and the Hail was accompanied by strong Wind (the Kolot mentioned in 9:23). Definitely an escalation of G-d's display of might.

Daily Aliya for Vaeira, Chamishi (5th Aliya)

Aliya Summary: Moshe prayed to G‑d, and the frogs all died. Egypt reeked from the odor of rotting frogs, and Pharaoh reneged on his promise. Plague Three: Aaron smote the earth with his staff, and swarms of lice attacked Egypt, covering man and beast. Even Pharaoh's magicians were amazed by this, and informed Pharaoh that this is the "finger of G‑d." Plague Four: G‑d dispatched Moshe to warn Pharaoh that his land will be infested by a mixture of noxious animals. Only the land of Goshen, where the Israelites lived, would be spared.

While the Jews did not suffer from the plagues that were thrust on the Egyptians, the first time that became abundantly clear was with the fourth plague, Arov, because an entire Jewish city was excluded. It helped solidify the message Moshe was delivering with each plague: That the true G-d is controlling everything, not Paroh or any of his gods. It seems that this was conveyed in progression: Paroh's magicians were able to turn water to blood, but not to the extent that G-d did. Same with frogs. With lice, however, his magicians finally broke the news to Paroh, that this is the work of G-d (8:15). The fourth plague now clarifies that the true G-d favors the Jews. It's fascinating that Paroh was presented with these revelations in the order which he needed to process them, rather than forcing his hand right away. This Aliya (and exodus in general) is all about respecting the human process (even evil humans).

Daily Aliya for Vaeira, Revii (4th Aliya)

Aliya Summary: Moshe and Aaron appeared before Pharaoh. As per G‑d's instructions, Aaron cast his staff on the ground, and it turned into a serpent. When Pharaoh's magicians did the same with their staffs, Aaron's staff swallowed theirs. Pharaoh remained unimpressed—and so the plagues commenced. Plague One: Aaron smote the Nile with his staff. The river and all the waters in Egypt turned into blood, and all the fish perished. Plague Two: Aaron stretched his staff upon the Nile and droves of frogs emerged. They covered the land, entered all the houses, even the ovens and kneading bowls. Pharaoh summoned Moshe and Aaron and begged them to pray to G‑d to remove the plague, after which he would release the Israelites.

The Baal HaTurim points out that the passuk says: "G-d says to Moshe that when Paroh will ask for a sign, you (Moshe) shall tell to Aharon to take your staff and throw it (on the ground) in front of Paroh, it shall become a snake." He explains that the staff was thrown down and then Moshe was to command it to become a snake. This was meant to show Paroh (and us) the power of speech that G-d has given to Moshe, and by extension to us, in that the staff did not change upon being thrown down (action), but by a spoken command (speech). Although we can't create snakes with our speech, we can create venom and pain with it.

Daily Aliya for Vaeira, Shlishi (3rd Aliya)

Aliya Summary: G‑d tells Moshe to go speak to Pharaoh, and Aaron should serve as his spokesman. G‑d informed him that He will harden Pharaoh's heart and he will refuse to release the Israelites. At that point G‑d will "multiply His wonders" in Egypt, until the Egyptians will recognize that G‑d is the L-rd.

How is it that Moshe is able to speak to the People of Israel throughout his "career" as leader, in light of the fact that he complained of being "speech impaired"? Could it be that the Jews wanted to hear what Moshe had to say, and therefore concentrated harder on the understanding his words, while Paroh clearly didn't want to be punished nor to let the Israelites go, and therefore would use the excuse that he couldn't understand what Moshe was saying. It's amazing what we can accomplish when we actually want to!

Daily Aliya for Vaeira, Sheni (2nd Aliya)

Aliya Summary: The Torah begins to enumerate the names of the tribes and family groups. It is obvious that the intention here is not to review the whole of the (almost) nation, but rather to focus on Moshe and Aharon. Note that the Torah starts the list with Reuven and Shimon, and when it gets to Levi, there is much more detail. In this brief Aliya, the Torah is identifying many of the "main characters" of the rest of the Torah. The Torah is also giving us the ability to continue to draw the timeline of Jewish history, by giving us the ages at death of Levi (we already know the ages of the three previous generation, those of Avraham, Yitzchak, and Yaakov), his son Kehat, his son Amram. That brings us to Moshe and Aharon. We are also introduced to Korach and his sons and Aharon and his family.

Although the purpose of this partial genealogy was to identify Aharon and Moshe, the Torah began with Reuven and Shimon before it gets to Levi. A reason offered for this in one of the sources is that since Yaakov Avinu spoke critically of these three sons, the Torah here lists only them, to teach us that they were important tribes despite their progenitors' "mistakes".

Daily Aliya for Vaeira, Rishon (1st Aliya)

General Overview: In this week's Parsha, Vaeira, Pharaoh refuses to allow the Israelites to leave Egypt, even after Aaron exhibits miraculous powers, transforming his staff into a serpent. The first seven plagues strike Egypt: Blood, Frogs, Lice, Wild Beasts, Pestilence, Boils, and Fiery Hail.

Aliya Summary: This week's portion opens with G‑d's response to Moshe (continuation from the end of last week's Parsha). G‑d told Moshe that He revealed Himself to the Patriarchs and established with them a covenant to give them the land of Canaan. And now the time has arrived to fulfill His promises. G‑d told Moshe to tell the Israelites that He has heard their cries, and He will now deliver them from Egypt and bring them to the Promised Land. Moshe relayed the message, but their unbearable workload prevented them from accepting his words. G‑d then told Moshe to instruct Pharaoh to send the Israelites from his land. Moshe protested: "If the children of Israel did not listen to me, how then will Pharaoh listen to me? I have a speech impediment?" (G‑d's answer is detailed in the Third Aliya.)

Daily Aliya for Shemot, Shvii (7th Aliya)

Aliya Summary: Moshe and Aaron went to Pharaoh and presented G‑d's demand. Pharaoh mocked the request and instructed the Egyptian taskmasters to increase the Israelite slaves' workload. The Israelites were unable to meet Pharaoh's new demands, and were viciously beaten as a result. Moshe addressed G‑d: "Why have You mistreated this people? Why have You sent me? Since I have come to Pharaoh to speak in Your name, he has mistreated this people, and You have not saved Your people." G‑d responded: "Now you will see what I will do to Pharaoh, for with a mighty hand he will send them out..."

"And afterwards, Moshe and Aharon go" to Paroh and say to him "Let my People go...". Notice that the elders are not mentioned. Rashi tells us that one by one the elders "disappeared" (in fear of Paroh) as the entourage was headed towards Paroh, until only Moshe and Aharon were left. As a result, so it was to be at Sinai: The elders were left at the foot of the mountain and Aharon and Moshe ascended.

Daily Aliya for Shemot, Shishi (6th Aliya)

Aliya Summary: Moshe took his wife and two sons and headed for Egypt. G‑d charged Moshe to warn Pharaoh: "So said G‑d, 'My firstborn son is Israel. So I say to you, send out My son so that he will worship Me. And if you refuse to send him out, behold, I will slay your firstborn son.'" En route to Egypt, Moshe's wife rescued her husband from divine wrath by performing a circumcision on their son. Moshe met Aaron, who had come from Egypt to greet him, and together they went to Egypt, gathered the elders and performed the wondrous signs that G‑d had given Moshe.

Rashi says that the donkey that Moshe used to bring his family to Mitzrayim was the same one that Avraham took to the Akeida and the one that the Moshiach will ride upon. Why not a regular donkey? To convey the idea that these monumental events were not haphazard or random, but specially prepared parts of G-d's master plan for the world.

Daily Aliya for Shemot, Chamishi (5th Aliya)

Aliya Summary: G‑d gave Moshe specific instructions: He was to gather the Israelite elders and inform them that G‑d had remembered them and would now rescue them from Egypt and bring them to a Land of Milk and Honey. Then he was to approach Pharaoh and request permission to leave along with the Israelites. G‑d informed Moshe that Pharaoh would not accede to this request – but the redemption would come nonetheless, after G‑d will smite Egypt with a strong arm. At that point the Israelites would leave with much riches. G‑d gave Moshe three miracles to perform before the Israelites to prove that he was sent by G‑d. When Moshe protested that he was not suited to be G‑d's messenger due to his speech impediment, G‑d assigned his brother Aaron to be his spokesperson.

The Midrash says that Moshe had several names - Yered, Chever, Y'kutiel, Avigdor, Avi-Socho, Avi-Zanu'ach, Tovia, Heiman, Sh'maya. The Midrash further tells us that of all his names he is only called Moshe - even by G-d - to give honor to the acts of kindness of the one who found him and saved him from the water -Paroh's daughter.

Daily Aliya for Shemot, Revii (4th Aliya)

Aliya Summary: Moshe was shepherding Yitro's flocks in the wilderness when he arrived at the "mountain of G‑d." There he saw a bush burning, yet it was not being consumed by the fire. When he approached to investigate the phenomenon, G‑d called out to him. G‑d declared that He has seen the Israelites' afflictions, and has decided to deliver them from their Egyptian masters.

The Gemara in Brachot teaches us that it is from the Torah's reference to "a Land flowing with milk & honey" that we learn that milk (of a kosher animal) is permissible for us to drink. We might have thought that an animal's milk is akin to "limb from a living animal", which would render it a forbidden food. It is inconceivable, though, that the Torah would choose a non-kosher product in describing the Holy Land. Similarly, honey appears to be the product of the non-kosher bee. If so, it would not be permitted. But the bee processes the honey - it is not considered coming from the bee, and is therefore permissible to eat.

Daily Aliya for Shemot, Shlishi (3rd Aliya)

Aliya Summary: Moshe was raised in Pharaoh's palace. When he matured, he went out one day and saw an Egyptian smiting a Hebrew. Moshe slew the Egyptian. Word of his deed reached Pharaoh, and Moshe was compelled to flee. He escaped to Midian where he married Zipporah, the daughter of Yitro. They gave birth to a son, Gershom. Back in Egypt, meanwhile, the plight of the Israelite slaves was worsening. They cried out to G‑d, and He remembered the covenant He had made with their forefathers.

It is interesting to note the contrast between Yosef and Moshe in this Aliya: Yosef was identified by the Wine Steward as a Jewish lad, while Moshe was identified by Yitro's daughters as an Egyptian man. Yosef was privileged to have his remains buried in the Land of Israel, while Moshe apparently did not enjoy the same privilege. Apparently sometimes it's good not to blend in.

Daily Aliya for Shemot, Sheni (2nd Aliya)

Aliya Summary: Pharaoh called the midwives to task for not following orders. They answered that the Hebrew women were skilled in midwifery and delivered their babies before they even arrived. G‑d rewarded the midwives for their bravery. Pharaoh then commanded the Egyptians to cast all newborn male Israelites into the Nile. Moshe was born. His mother, who feared for her baby's life, put him into a waterproofed basket and set him afloat in the Nile. Pharaoh's daughter came to bathe, and took the child as her own. Moshe's sister Miriam, who observed the entire episode, offered to bring a Hebrew nursemaid for the child, and when Pharaoh's daughter agreed to the suggestion, Miriam called the child's mother. Moshe's mother nursed the child and after he was weaned brought him back to Pharaoh's daughter.

The Midrash explains that each threat to the Jewish people generated a corresponding bright star to help the Jews. Miriam is a result of the bitter work forced on the Jews (the root of her name is Mar - bitter). Moshe was borne of the order to throw all males into the river (the root of his name is Meshit - to draw from water). Aaron was borne of the threat to pregnancy (the root of Aaron is Erayon - pregnancy). Clearly, for every negative created in the world, a corresponding positive is brought to combat and equalize its influence - an encouraging lesson from this Aliya, and the Midrash.

Daily Aliya for Shemot, Rishon (1st Aliya)

General Overview: This week's Torah reading, Shemot, begins the Book of Exodus. Pharaoh issues harsh decrees against the Israelites, beginning decades of Jewish suffering and slavery. Moshe is born and raised in the Egyptian royal palace. After killing an Egyptian, Moshe escapes to Midian and marries. G‑d appears to him in a burning bush and demands that he return to Egypt to redeem the Israelites. Moshe returns to Egypt with the intention of freeing the Jewish people.

Aliya Summary: Jacob's sons all died. Jacob's descendents in Egypt, however, were "fruitful and swarmed and increased and became very very strong." A new Pharaoh arose, and he resolved to find a solution to the "Israelite problem." He proposed to afflict the Israelites and impose slave labor upon them, thus preventing them from multiplying. He implemented the plan, and the Israelites were forced to construct storage cities for Pharaoh. "But as much as they would afflict them, so did they multiply and so did they gain strength." Pharaoh then summoned the Hebrew midwives and instructed them to kill all the Hebrew sons that they delivered. The righteous midwives feared G‑d, however, and defied Pharaohs order.

Daily Aliya for Vayechi, Shvii (7th Aliya)

Aliya Summary: Joseph lived until the age of 110. Before passing away he told his brothers that G‑d would eventually take them out of Egypt and return them to the Promised Land. Joseph asked his brothers to promise that when that time arrived they would carry his remains with them, and inter him in Israel.

Yosef tells his brothers that G-d will remember them and lead them out of Egypt, and then makes them swear that G-d will remember them and lead them out of Egypt (50:24-25), and that they'll take his remains with them when they leave. It seems that Yosef wanted to make sure that they heard and BELIEVED that they would be saved, and only swearing could convey that belief to him.

Daily Aliya for Vayechi, Shishi (6th Aliya)

Aliya Summary: Benjamin was likened to a devouring wolf. Jacob then repeated his request to be buried in Israel, in the Cave of Machpelah in Chevron, and he passed away at the age of 147. After an extended national mourning period, Joseph received Pharaoh's permission to carry Jacob's body up to Israel. A huge funeral procession consisting of all the elders of Egypt as well as Jacob's family went and buried Jacob. After returning to Egypt, Joseph's brothers feared that now, after Jacob had passed away, Joseph would exact revenge from them for selling him into slavery. Joseph reassured them that he harbored no ill feelings towards them.

After Binyamin's blessing, the Torah recaps that these are the 12 tribes and the blessings bestowed upon them by Yaakov. It seems, however, that some of them didn't receive blessings, but rather were rebuked. Why would the Torah count them as blessings? The answer lies in the wording "each man, according to his blessing, he blessed them", meaning that each son received what he needed to receive in order to be blessed. Sometimes it was an actual blessing, and sometimes it was rebuke. If used properly, both can be used to grow and be blessed.

Daily Aliya for Vayechi, Chamishi (5th Aliya)

Aliya Summary: Gad was blessed with bravery in battle. Asher's blessing: an abundance of olive oil. Naphtali was blessed with the speed of a deer. Joseph was recognized for his charm, suffering, and righteousness, and was showered with a variety of blessings.

When blessing Yosef, Yaakov says that his blessings surpassed his father's blessings, and so should Yosef's blessings surpass his (Yaakov's) blessings. Blessings are a curious thing, especially from father to son. If the son grows and accomplishes things, it reflects on his parents and they and their memory is blessed as a result. That means that father/son blessings build on themselves, becoming exponentially better. The same can be said of Jews in general. If a Jew does something good, it not only reflects on themselves, but also on Judaism, which increases the blessings for all Jews. As an example, when someone like Matisyahu represents himself as a thoughtful and proper Jewish singer, people might feel better about Jews, and that helps everyone be more tolerant, which might embolden others to display their Judaism, which might be observed by others who might do the same, etc. We don't know what snowball we might be starting, but hopefully they're of a positive variety.

Daily Aliya for Vayechi, Revii (4th Aliya)

Aliya Summary: Jacob summoned all his sons, and delivered to each a poetic, and sometimes cryptic, parting personal message. Reuven was chastised for his impetuousness and for "ascending upon his father's bed." Shimon and Levi were rebuked for their anger, which expressed itself in the killing of the Shechemites and the attempted execution of Joseph. Judah was blessed with monarchy, success in waging battle, and an abundance of wine and milk in his portion. Zevulon was blessed with success in his sea-trade endeavors. Jacob likened Issachar to a thick-boned donkey who finds both rest and ample work. Dan was blessed with the tenacity of a serpent and the ability to judge.

While the first three messages to Reuven, Shimon and Levi were harsh, the fourth (to Yehuda) was positive. Yaakov called Yehuda a "cub and a lion". Yehuda was both because he was a fierce leader when he needed to be (which translates to his future descendants), and had a soft side when that was required (Rashi: like reasoning with his brothers about the merits of killing vs not killing Yosef, and admitting his mistakes with Tamar). While all the tribes displayed distinct and special characteristics, Yehuda was the first to display an ability to modify his characteristic cased on the situation, a quality worth learning to emulate.

Daily Aliya for Vayechi, Shlishi (3rd Aliya)

Aliya Summary: Joseph was disturbed that Jacob placed his right hand on Ephraim, and he attempted to adjust his father's hands. "I know, my son, I know," Jacob responded, explaining that the "younger brother will be greater, and his children['s fame] will fill the nations." Jacob blessed the two boys further, saying that all of Israel will bless each other by saying: "May G‑d make you like Ephraim and Menashe."

Yosef panics when he sees Yaakov switch hands/blessings, but this was borne of the same theme discussed earlier. Yosef had to test his brothers to make sure they didn't become jealous when Binyamin got more presents than they did, and the brothers passed. Yaakov blessing Yosef's younger son more than the older might have created the same sort of jealousy, and Yosef had never tested his sons for their reaction. Yaakov's response was that he knew they would handle it well, and indeed they did. How did Yaakov know? Probably because Ephraim and Menashe had Yosef as a father, who instilled the proper values in his children. While Yosef tested his brothers, Yaakov didn't even see a need to test - Yosef's children's character was a given!

Daily Aliya for Vayechi, Sheni (2nd Aliya)

Aliya Summary: Joseph presents his two sons, placing Menashe, the firstborn, to Jacob's right, and Ephraim to Jacob's left. Jacob, who was nearly blind at this point, crossed his hands, placing his right – more prestigious – hand on Ephraim's head. He blessed them: "May the angel who redeemed me from all harm bless the youths, and may they be called by my name and the name of my fathers, Abraham and Isaac, and may they multiply abundantly like fish, in the midst of the land."

Yaakov's reference to fish in his blessings for Ephraim and Menashe (and for all Jewish children in perpetuity) is explained on at least two levels. Since fish are prolific, Yaakov was blessing his descendants that they should become a large nation. It is also known that the Ayin Hara (evil eye) has no hold over fish, and this too was part of his blessing. The connection between these two aspects is the phrase included in the blessing: "in the midst of the Land". If you are among others that are prolific and share your views and goals, there is less change of someone with an evil eye casting a curse on you. Hence the importance of living in a Jewish community, not just for the support, but for the shared goals.

Daily Aliya for Vayechi, Rishon (1st Aliya)

General Overview: This week's Torah reading, Vayechi, discusses Jacob's final years. Shortly before his passing, Jacob blesses Joseph's children as well as his own. A massive funeral procession escorts Jacob's body to Canaan. The reading, and the Book of Genesis, concludes with Joseph's death.

Aliya Summary: Jacob lived his last seventeen years in Egypt. When Jacob sensed that his days were numbered he summoned Joseph and asked him to promise that he would bury him in Israel. Joseph acceded to the request. When Jacob then fell ill, Joseph visited him, accompanied by his two sons, Menashe and Ephraim. Jacob conferred upon Ephraim and Menashe the status of tribal progenitors, a status hitherto enjoyed only by Jacob's sons. Joseph asked his father to bless Ephraim and Menashe.

Daily Aliya for Vayigash, Shvii (7th Aliya)

Aliya Summary: While Joseph supplied his family with food, the rest of Egypt was in a desperate plight. First they expended all their money in exchange for food that Joseph sold them. Then their money ran out, and they paid for provisions with their cattle. Finally, when they had no money or chattel left, they sold their land and themselves to Pharaoh into servitude in exchange for provisions. Meanwhile, in the land of Goshen, Jacob's family prospered and multiplied exceedingly.

Yosef did two things because of his sensitivities - he segregated his family from the rest of Egypt so that others wouldn't see how nicely they were living, and he also gave them food as it was needed (47:12), and not in excess. This is derived from the words "according to the young children".

Daily Aliya for Vayigash, Shishi (6th Aliya)

Aliya Summary: Jacob arrived in Egypt, to the province of Goshen that Pharaoh had allotted his family. Joseph went there to greet his father. Joseph prepared his family for meeting Pharaoh, and instructed his brothers to tell Pharaoh that they are shepherds, who only wish to tend to their flocks in Goshen until the famine ends. Indeed the brothers followed this script, and Pharaoh acceded to their request. Jacob was then brought before Pharaoh, and Jacob blessed him.

When at long last they met, Yaakov and Yosef reacted very differently. Yosef fell on his father's neck (hugged?) and wept for a long time, while Yaakov recited Shema without crying, and then expressed the joy of seeing Yosef's face again. Both were obviously happy, but while Yosef's joy was raw, Yaakov's was more acute and directed. He was able to pinpoint what he was most happy about - seeing on Yosef's face that he was still alive. What about Yosef's face showed him that he was still alive (more alive than he already knew Yosef was)? Or Hachaim explains that Yaakov was concerned that all the time in Egypt might have made Yosef change his ways away from Judaism, but when he saw his face (and eyes), Yaakov could tell that Yosef hadn't changed at all, and was still as righteous as he was 22 years ago. Faces tell a lot more than we think...

Daily Aliya for Vayigash, Chamishi (5th Aliya)

Aliya Summary: This Aliya names the seventy members of Jacob's family that went to Egypt.

OU's Torah Tidbits points out that the "whole world" that came from No'ach was 70. We now find the same number here in Yaakov's descendants. While their 70 became the Nations of the World, our 70 became the Jewish People. There is clearly something about adversity that brings people together, in this case to form a nation. As much as we dislike and avoid adversity, it has its purpose and benefits.

Daily Aliya for Vayigash, Revii (4th Aliya)

Aliya Summary: Jacob and his entire family left Canaan and headed to Egypt. En route they stopped in Be'er Sheva, where G‑d told Jacob not to fear going to Egypt, for it is there that he will be made into a great nation. Furthermore G‑d told him: "I will go down with you to Egypt, and I will also bring you up."

On his way to see Yosef, Yaakov stops to offer sacrifices to "the G-d of his father Yitzchak". It's a strange reference to Yitzchak, but an important connection. Yaakov must have realized the connection between the deceit he perpetuated against his father to receive Esav's blessings, and the deceit of Yosef's apparent death. Although completely justified, Yaakov was punished for causing his father such pain, and this offering might have been his repentance. Yaakov listened to his mother by deceiving his father, did the right thing for the future of the Jewish people, and yet he had to repent. How much more so should we repent when we do something we shouldn't...

Daily Aliya for Vayigash, Shlishi (3rd Aliya)

Aliya Summary: Joseph directed his brothers to quickly return to Canaan and bring Jacob and their families back to Egypt, where Joseph promised to provide them with food until the famine ends. Joseph embraced his brothers and cried. Pharaoh was informed that Joseph's family had arrived, and he, too, instructed them to come to Egypt where he would give them the "best of the land." The brothers went to Canaan – laden with gifts from Pharaoh and Joseph – and informed Jacob that Joseph was alive, indeed he ruled over all of Egypt. "And the spirit of their father Jacob was revived."

Yosef gives his brothers clothing, but gives Binyamin even more. Notice that once again a son of Rachel is being favored by being given a special garment. The first time, the results were disastrous for Yosef and his brothers. So why tempt them? When a child misuses a book, we don't forbid him to ever touch a book again. The opposite – teach the child how to properly treat books, and as soon as possible give him another. In this way, you will see if the lesson was learned. The "solution" to the problem of the brothers is not reached by avoiding difficult situations. So, since Yosef tested the brothers before they knew who he was, and they had passed the test, he felt comfortable that they had learned their lesson and were no longer jealous of what others had/got.

Daily Aliya for Vayigash, Sheni (2nd Aliya)

Aliya Summary: Judah continued: "When [Jacob] sees that the boy is gone, he will die." He explained to Joseph that he, Judah, had taken personal responsibility that Benjamin would return unharmed to Canaan. And as such, he asked to remain as a slave in stead of Benjamin. At that point, Joseph could not restrain himself any longer. He asked all the Egyptians present to leave the room, and he revealed his identity to his brothers: "I am Joseph! Is my father still alive?!" He then reassured them, and asked them not to be upset about selling him into slavery: "For it was to preserve life that G‑d sent me before you. For . . . another five years there will be neither plowing nor harvest, and G‑d sent me before you to ensure your survival in the land..."

"For how can I go up to my father, and the youth is not with me?" The straight forward meaning: Yehuda says, how can I face my father Yaakov without Binyamin with me. The Chassidic school of thought sees another meaning to Yehuda's statement: How can we go up to face G-d (after 120 years) without our youth? Does our behavior when we are/were young serve us well or embarrass us as we get older? It is easy to dismiss one's youth with a wave and a "you know how kids are", but it isn't that simple. Our youth need direction more than anyone else, they need to be "with" us, not on their own, "being who they are".

Daily Aliya for Vayigash, Rishon (1st Aliya)

General Overview: In this week's Torah treading, Vayigash, Judah responds to Joseph's demand that Benjamin remain enslaved in Egypt, pleading to be taken as a substitute. Joseph reveals his identity to his brothers. At Joseph's request, Jacob and his family come down to Egypt.

Aliya Summary: In the end of last week's Torah reading, Joseph demanded that Benjamin remain behind in Egypt as his slave. This week's reading opens with Judah approaching Joseph and appealed to him to allow Benjamin to return to his father Jacob in Canaan. He spoke of Jacob's reluctance to allow Benjamin – Rachel's only remaining child – to make the trip to Egypt, and the great love Jacob harbored for his youngest son.